THE 



Foot and Mouth Disease 
In Illinois 



Its Cause, Character, Cost and 
Eradication 



BY 



American Experts in Veterinary Medicine and Animal 

Hiisbandry before the Illinois General Assembly 

on January 19, 1915 




COMPILED AND PRINTED BY 

The Secretary of State, Lewis G. Stevenson 
By Authority of the General Assembly of Illinois 



THE 



Foot and Mouth Disease 
In Illinois 



Its Cause, Character, Cost and 
Eradication 



BY 



American Experts in Veterinary Medicine and Animal 

Husbandry before the Illinois General Assembly 

on January 19, 1915 




COMPILED AND PRINTED BY 

The Secretary of State, Lewis G. Stevenson 
By Authority of the General Assembly of Illinois 






Iii.iNOis State Journal Co., State Printers. 

Springfield, III. 

19 15 



^. Of D. 
tJEC 23 (916 



INTRODUCTION. 



The Illinois GencM-al Asscinbly, on the aftornoon of January 19, 
1915, considered the foot gnd mouth disease among the live stock herds 
of this State. 

Herein is contained an account of that session, including the 
addresses delivered by animal husbandry and veterinarian experts called 
in to advise the General Assembly as to the character and course of the 
disease and the most approved, efficient, and economical methods of 
stamping it out. 

Secretary of State, Hon. Lewis G. Stevenson, presided and intro- 
duced the following speakers : 

Hon. Edward F. Dunne, Governor of Illinois. 

Prof. V. A. Moore, Dean of the Veterinary Department, Cornell 
University, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Dr. C. J. Marshall, Professor of Veterinary Medicine, University 
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 

Prof. H. W. Mumford. Professor of Animal Husbandry, University 
of Illinois, Urbana. 

Dr. S. E. Bennett, Inspector for the United States Bureau of 
Animal Industry, having charge of the work in Illinois, Washington, 
D. C. 

Dr. U. G. Houek, Inspector for the United States Bureau of Ani- 
mal Industry, Washington, D. C. 

G. A. Gregory, Editor, Prairie Farmer, Chicago. 

H. E. Young, Editor, Farmers Review, Chicago. 

J. Brown, Editor, Drovers Journal, Chicago. 

Every speaker endorsed summary slaughter as the most effective 
and economical plan. Those who had had experience in combating the 
disease declared that the quarantine method has never proved satis- 
factory, but on the contrary has been even more expensive in the end 
than direct loss through slaughter would have been. 

The concensus of opinion of these speakers, both experts and lay- 
men, was that Illinois' authorities had adopted the proper course when 
they began to kill infected and exposed stock. No criticism of the 
campaign waged by Illinois officials was even intimated. Many urged 
them to proceed with even greater dispatch and thovouahnoss to eradi- 
cate the epidemic by this drastic measure. 

They referred to the suddenness and the extensiveness of the out- 
break which has taxed the resources of both Federal and State govern- 
ments. 

The very limited number of inspectors in the Federal and State 
services who had had sufficient experience to diagnosis the disease 
readily should always be taken into account in any discussion of the 
early treatment of this scourge in Illinois. 



Another fact of the greatest importance was brought out by Prof. 
Mumford, when he said that tfee general situation throughout the country 
is well in hand, and there is little uncertainty as to the outcome, except 
in Illinois, where the contagion has been most virulent and extensive. 

"Already," said he, "more than 500 herds have been exterminated. 
Of the herds reported diseased less than 25 remained alive on January 
12, in addition to the National Dairy Show cattle, held in quarantine 
for experimental purposes." 

In these addresses will be found a conservative and dispassionate 
dicussion of all the questions which the epidemic has raised, not only 
in the minds of the laymen, but of the stockmen as well. 

The reasons for slaughter as against quarantine, why quarantine is 
not effective but is as expensive as slaughtering, the duty of the State 
to reimburse the owners of slaughtered stock, the seriousness of the 
disease in its effects on the general public, even to those most remote 
from it, how and where it touches our food supplies and diminishes our 
accumulations of material w^ealth, the characteristics of the contagion, 
the many ways in which it may be disseminated, its history in this 
country, the means which have been taken to combat it without 
slaughter; these, and many other subjects will be found fully and 
intelligently treated, in this little book, by the highest and best authori- 
ties in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry in the United States. 

For these reasons these addresses are printed by the Secretary of 
State, under authority of the Fortv-ninth Oeneral Assemblv of Illinois. 



TUESDAY, JANUAEY 19, 1915, 2:00 O'CLOCK P. M. 
Springfield, Illinois. 

House met pursuant to adjourumcnt, 

Secretary of State L. G. Stevenson in the Chair. 

The Chair : The House will be in order. 

I believe that every person in this House recognizes fully that the 
live stock interests of the State are in serious danger, and unless some- 
thing is done, radically, vigorously and immediately, it will soon be in 
a condition which money cannot change. The disease has been success- 
fully dealt with in several counties. The Federal Government, as I 
understand it, has entire charge of the quarantine, and our State, under 
the direction of the State Veterinarian, Mr. Dyson, is actively cooperating 
with the Federal Government. 

This matter I know has caused Governor Dunne an immeasurable 
amount of anxiety as it has also all others who are deeply interested in 
the welfare of the State. I know also that he has consulted many 
eminent authorities regarding the method of treatment — quarantine and 
the so-called slaughter — and, without exception, every man he has con- 
sulted has approved the course of the Federal and State governments. 

Further than that, the Governor and the Board of Live Stock 
Commissioners have gone outside of the State and invited to address us 
men eminent in their line, men who have had extensive experience with 
this disease, and one or two of them have successfully coped with it. 
These gentlemen will address us later and I am advised will be glad to 
answer any questions which are pertinent to the situation. 

It is my pleasure to introduce a man who has devoted his time 
untiringly to the solution of this problem — Governor Dunne [Applause]. 

Governor Edward F. Dunne. 

Gentlemen of the Senate and the Assembly: 

Last Friday, I believe, or Thursday, a committee of this House, or 
rather members of this House — because I recognize the fact that the 
House is not yet organized — but several members of the House who 
are either stock raisers themselves of who are very much interested in 
the stock raising industries of this State were kind enough to call upon 
me in my office in this building to consult with me with reference to 
the course that has been pursued, and the course that is being pursued, 
and the course that will be pursued in the effort to eradicate the hoof 
and mouth disease in the State of Illinois. At that conference it was 
suggested by these gentlemen that it might be wise if T could place at 
the disposal of the House and members of the Senate, such infor- 
mation from scientists as might bo at my disposal, so that the farmers 
and stock raisers of the State of Illinois, through their representa- 
tives in the Assembly, might be informed of the present status of the 



treatment of the foot and mouth disease and what would be expected 
in the future. I told them with much pleasure that I had just antici- 
pated some of their requests; in other words, prior to that time I had 
extended an invitation to Dean Moore, dean of the veterinary college 
attached to the University of Cornell, in Ithaca, New York, and Mr. 
Marshall, State Veterinarian of the great state of Pennsylvania, who 
had had the experience derived from two struggles in the past with 
the foot and mouth disease ; and that I was about to invite Mr. Goodwin 
of the "Breeders' Gazette," who, while not an expert, because of the 
fact that he owned, edited, and managed a paper devoted exclusively to 
the live-stock interests of this State and the Northwest, was a man that 
probably was as well informed upon the scientific status of this fight 
as any one. 

I am pleased to say, gentlemen, that I have here today with me, 
prepared to lay before you their views on the subject, Dean Moore and 
Mr. Marshall, and a telegram of regret from Mr. Goodwin. I feel that 
you could not get better scientific information in the United States 
outside of the Federal department — The Bureau of Live Stock Industry 
at Washington — than the information you can get from these scientists. 
Mr. Goodwin telegraphed me that he could not be here and I would 
like to read his telegram as showing what he thinks of the course pur- 
sued both by the Federal and State authorities in the management of 
the foot and mo^^th disease. It is addressed to me and dated January 
14th : 

"Am just leaving with my family on my winter vacation and 
cannot go to Springfield as you request, and could not qualify as 
an expert witness. The policy adopted by the Federal and State 
authorities in dealing with the foot and mouth disease will be 
supported strongly by the Breeder's Gazette." 

''W. E. Goodwin." 

As you are all aware, gentlemen, this outbreak took place about the 
first of November and I want to say to you that it did not originate in 
the State of Illinois. The disease entered this State from Southern 
Michigan and Northern Indiana and was suddenly discovered in the 
Stock Yards at Chicago. Immediately upon the discovery of this 
disease in the State of Illinois both the Bureau of Animal Industry at 
Washington and the Live Stock Commissioners of this State and Mr. 
Dyson, the State Veterinarian, promised coordination for the purpose of 
promptly treating this disease and, I believe they have done so with 
great success. I did believe about the 20th of last month — owing to 
the fact that we had most of the tainted herds of this State exterminated 
and placed under ground, and the herds that were infected and not 
slaughtered did not exceed 20 in number — that we had the foot and 
mouth disease under control. I anticipated that I would be able to 
say to you in my message, when this body is organized and when I can 
deliver that message to you, that we had it under control and that it 
was practically exterminated in the State of Illinois. 

Since that time, however, things have somewhat changed. The 
disease, to our great surprise, has spread, and my last information— - 
twenty-four hours ago — is that there are about twenty-five or twenty-six 
herds still affected in the State of Illinois. 



Tlio j)(,)lic V pursued I'roiu the start, as 1 have been advised, is the 
only successi'ul, scientific, and thorougli way of exterminating the foot 
and mouth disease. So I am advised by the Federal authorities, through 
their representative, Dr. Bennett, and so I am advised by the State 
Veterinarian, who, when he was appointed, I ascertained had as good 
credentials and qualilications for the position as 1 could find in the State 
of Illinois as a scientist in that line. The advice given to me from the 
start has been that to successfully exterminate the foot and mouth dis- 
ease it is necessary to slaughter not only every animal infected but every 
animal in the herd that has been exposed to the infection, and that 
policy has been pursued, acting upon the advice of the scientists, from 
the time when we first discovered the outbreak in the State of Illinois 
down to the present time. In carrying out that policy it has occasioned 
some discontent, some uneasiness, some dissatisfaction. I do not wonder. 
When I was first told by the scientists, about the first of November, that 
it was necessary to kill every animal in the herd when only one or two 
was infected I was shocked. I did not think it could be possible that 
that was the only way to treat this disease and exterminate it, but I 
have learned since that time from every scientist that I have consulted 
that that is absolutely the only safe way to treat this disease. I have 
been informed in the great empire of Great Britain that they started by 
quarantining the affected herds and that it was found to be a failure, and 
that the British government, following the precedents established by this 
republic, now insists, in its treatment of the foot and mouth disease, that 
not only the animal affected but every animal exposed has to be 
slaughtered and placed under the ground. 

It is not a new question to the scientist of this country, although it 
may be new to some of us. This is the sixth outbreak of this epidemic 
in the United States, and on five different occasions the Federal authori- 
ties have combated this disease, and on different occasions they have 
succeeded in eradicating it, but only by the slaughter of the entire herd, 
both those affected and those exposed to the infection. 

Gentlemen, I am glad of the kindly invitation extended by this 
conference of members who waited upon me, and I am very glad to 
place at the disposal of this body such scientific information and such 
knowledge as these gentlemen possess, because you and I and all of us 
want to do what is best for the stock raising interests of the State of 
Illinois and of the United States. 

It is not a question alone for the State of Illinois. This epidemic 
has already afl'ected 18 states and because of its wide-spread character 
and the excessively contagious character of the disease I have reached 
the conclusion that it ought to be a matter of National rather than State 
concern. If war were declared upon the United States the Federal 
Government, under the Constitution, would be compelled to take up the 
defense of this country and not leave it to the individual states. The 
foot and mouth contagion has declared war upon the cattle raising 
industries of the United States and I believe it so wide-spread and of 
such a National character that the matter ought to be handled by the 
Federal Government in case of future outbreaks of this character, and I 
am pleased to say, my friends, that from the start to the finish, so far 
as the attempt to suppress the foot and mouth disease in this State, 



t 

there has been entire coordination and harmony between the Federal 
and State authorities, and there doesn't seem to be any difference of 
opinion between these authorities that the o]ily way to exterminate this 
disease is to slaughter every animal which has been exposed. That is 
the only issue before us and you and I want the stock raising industries 
to understand it. 

It has occasioned great losses to all the farmers, and the Federal 
Government has tendered, pursuant to its past policies, one-half of the 
losses of the farmers, and I have urged our two United States senators 
to expedite that appropriation so that these moneys which are to be paid 
out by the Federal Government are paid out as soon as possible. Out 
of due courtesy to the Legislature I do not want to anticipate my mes- 
sage, but I can properly say that I have made certain recommendations 
in my message in relation to this matter, so far as the State of Illinois is 
concerned, that I think will meet with the entire approval of the cattle 
raising industries of this State. 

I will ask, my friends, that you now hear from the gentlemen who 
have made a study of this matter and who are professionally much better 
able to present their views upon this matter than I or any other un- 
trained or unscientific person can, and I will ask Dean Moore, of the 
Veterinary College of the University of Cornell, to address this house 
upon the issue. [Applause.] 

Gentlemen, the professor has been dean of the veterinary college 
of the University of Cornell for the last six years, and he has written 
several treatises on these diseases, one of which I had the pleasure of 
reading. 

Professor V. A. Moore, Dean of the Veterinary Department, Cornell 
University, Ithaca, New York. 

Mr. Chairman: When I was invited to be here today it was my 
understanding that I was to appear before a committee and be questioned 
rather than to make an address to a body of this kind. However, on 
consultation with the Governor and State Veterinarian, it seems to be 
their wish that I make a statement to you concerning the foot and mouth 
disease. 

Foot and moutli disease, while new to the people in the middle and 
farther western section of this country, is not new to the veterinary 
profession. It is supposed to have had its origin in the Orient and to 
have gradually traveled westward until by the middle of the eighteenth 
century it had spread over the entire continent of Europe and to the 
British Isles. Since that time great effort has been made on the part 
of the European governments to eradicate it from their countries. It 
has on five previous occasions made its way to this country. These 
occurrences were in 1870, between 1880 and 1883, 1884, 1903, 1908, 
and 1914. 

Foot and mouth disease is perhaps the most easily spread infectious 
and communicable disease of domesticated animals. It attacks chiefly 
ruminating animals and pigs, although other species are not entirely 
exempt from it. It is caused by some specific agent, the exact nature 
of which we do not know. It will pass through a Berkfelt filter and 



for that reason its cause is known as a filterable virus. It is an eruptive 
librc and belongs to the class of exanthcmatous diseases akin to small- 
pox, measles, scarlet fever, and the like. It begins with a rise in tem- 
perature, which after one to two days is followed by the eruption of 
vesicles on the lips, gums, inside of the cheeks, and tongue; in cows on 
the teats and on the inter-digital spaces; in swine it frequently does 
not attack the mouth. In a few days these vesicles break, leaving a raw 
and usually deeply reddened surface. After the vesicles have broken the 
characteristic of the disease has disappeared and its diagnosis becomes 
more difficult. Unlike other infectious diseases of this class, immunity 
following it is very slight; cattle often suffer from a second attack within 
a few weeks. 

The period of incubation is said by most authorities to be from three 
to six days. In the present outbreak evidence has been accumulated to 
show that it may be much longer. 

Another point of interest is the rapidity with which the disease 
runs its course and the promptness with which the lesions in the mouth 
will disappear. The mortality is very light. It is given by different 
authorities at fjora one-half of one per cent to ten per cent, but occa- 
sionally there are outbreaks in which the mortality is very high. The 
sequelfe of the disease may be varied. While many animals recover, a 
considerable percentage of them develop abscesses in the udder and in 
other cases the hoofs drop off. This latter seems to be particularly true 
of hogs. 

While the disease is not in the beginning very serious the secondary 
lesions that follow, together with the loss of milk and flesh during the 
disease, render it one of the most serious of the infectious diseases of 
animals. 

Dr. Cope (Seventh International Congress of Veterinary Surgeons, 
Baden Baden, 1899, vol. I, p. 184) stated at the International Veteri- 
nary Congress at Baden Baden in 1899 as follows : 

"It is. true that foot and mouth disease rarely assumes a fatal 

character, but the fact that nearly all classes of animals on the farm 

are susceptible renders the neighborhood losses much greater in the 

case of foot and mouth disease than rinderpest or pleuro-pneumonia. 

which only affect cattle. In my country, where it has existed for at 

least 50 years, it has caused enormous loss and inconvenience, 

greater than that of all the other contagious diseases combined." 

This is an exceedinglv important statement when we call to mind 

the statement of Dr. Gangee, that because of the neglect on the part of 

the British government, rinderpest and pleuro-pneumonia had cost Great 

Britain and her colonies more than four hundred million dollars. 

Hafner stated, at the same congress, concerning the ravages of this 
disease in southern Germany, that: 

"Foot and mouth disease had prevailed almost continually in 
Germany for a long series of years and it had caused losses much 
greater than all other episodic diseases combined. It had also been 
found that the disease, instead of following a benign course as 
formerly, had, during recent years, become very malignant. In fact 
in numerous sections hundreds of cattle had suddenly dicd^ and 
certain estates had lost from a third to a half of their stock. 



10 

The seriousness of the secondary lesions that follow this disease 
may be understood from the following statement from the report of the 
outbreak in New England in 1902 (Eeport of Bureau of Animal In- 
dustry, 1902). 

"In Massachusetts a number of herds were preserved which 
had the disease in a mild form and which had apparently recovered 
at the time the inspection was made. In about one-third of the 
cases where the owners afterwards came in with the statements that 
relapses had occurred with their animals, some were again affected 
with a formation of vesicles and most of those had abscesses in the 
udders which made them unfit for milk production. At the time 
these cattle were slaughtered the udders of many of them were so 
distended with pus that they were ruptured as the animals fell and 
discharged vast quantities of this liquid." 

In order to show that the general character of the disease is not 
always mild it should be stated that it was not until 1875 that it was 
classified in Denmark as a "malignant, infectious disease." It is now 
regarded in that country as one of the most harmful diseases among 
domesticated animals and the greatest efforts are now being made to 
keep it in check. 

In addition to the serious udder and feet trouble. Professor Bang 
makes the further statement: 

"It may be added that in nearly all outbreaks some cows con- 
tract inflammation of the udder, with the result that many of these 
cows become more or less worthless for milking; some cows get a 
malignant and persistent hoof complaint which weakens them gen- 
erally. Furthermore a number of young calves and pigs die, as well 
as adult animals occasionally; abortion is also liable to occur; and 
all this without taking into account the emaciation caused by the 
disease. There is thus every reason for treating the disease and 
doing everything possible to prevent its gaining firm footing." 

It is important to understand the means by which this disease is 
disseminated. As already stated, it is one of the most infectious diseases 
of which we have knowledge. As the virus or "seed" of the disease is 
discharged from the infected animal, it is readily understood that the 
diseased animal is the most important means of carrying the infection. 
It is also recognized, and very extended experiments by Professor Hess 
of Berne, Switzerland, prove, that animals that have recovered from the 
disease are still able to transmit it for a variable length of time. Pro- 
fessor Hess found that animals that had apparently recovered gave off 
the germ of the disease five months later. Here, then, we have a carrier 
exactly similar to the typhoid carriers, or the diphtheria spreaders, of 
which you are all familiar. In addition to the diseased animals and 
those that had apparently recovered the germs of the disease are trans- 
mitted frequently on the clothing of men who are caring for them, and 
by pigs, cats, and birds. As the germ is able to live for a considerable 
length of time it can be carried on hay, grain, feed bags, or any other 
articles that may come in contact with the diseased animal. Milk from 
infected herds and milk cans that have come in contact with such animals 
also spread the virns- It is necessary, therefore, that every article that 



11 

may become contaminated by tlie diseased animals should be kept away 
from sound cattle. 

Although the cause oi' foot and mouth disease is not definitely known 
it has been shown that it will be destroyed in the saliva of the diseased 
animals when it is kept at a temperature of '.17 d(><;rees centitrrade for a 
short time, but it has been known to retain its power to produce disease 
for a period of several months when kept at zero temperature centigrade. 

The economic importance of foot and mouth disease is not gener- 
ally understood. Because it has a low mortality, people sometimes think 
it is of not much importance. Professor Bang has pointed out that 
where dairy cows recover, the cost from the loss of milk, etc., in Ger- 
many, has been 50 marks (Twelve and one-half dollars). In the Nether- 
lands it has been shown that it cost $30 for every sick animal that 
recovered. Prof. Bang has pointed out that "there are many instances 
of the disease developing a very malignant character, with a mortality 
of from 5 to 50 per cent among adult animals, and from 50 to 80 per 
cent among young animals. Malignant foot and mouth disease of this 
kind is most apt to attack dirty and overcrowded farms, but they may 
also occur under favorable hygienic conditions. The disease may also 
occur in a very malignant form with numerous sudden deaths reminis- 
cent of anthrax. Such epidemics have been observed in many different 
countries, both in former and recent times. In 1839 2,000 head of 
cattle died in the cantons of Berne and Fribourg in Switzerland; in 
1872 in the French Department of Nievre, more than 20 per cent of the 
calves and over 22 per cent of the pigs were destroyed by the disease 
in the course of two months. In the summer of 1892 there died in 
Bavaria, over 3,000 head of cattle, and in 1896 in Wurttemberg, 1,500; 
at Barcelona, in Spain, there died in 1901 50 to 70 per cent of the 
young cattle. In Transylvania 711 out of 7,498, or 9.4 per cent, were 
destroyed in 1899." 

He also mentions a number of other places in Europe where the 
mortality ranged from 10 to 50 per cent. He then continues : 

"However, it is not these apparently rare cases of great mor- 
tality that cause the chief trouble. It is the acutely infectious 
nature of the disease which makes it so serious. When it is left 
alone it spreads to an enormous number of farms and with the 
present quick and easy means of communication it might quite 
easily extend to nearly all the farms of a country or province, with 
the result that the aggregate of numerous small losses represents 
in the end an enormous sum. Thus the loss suffered by Germany 
in 1892, when over 1,300,000 head of cattle, over 2,000,000 sheep 
and goats, and over 400,000 pigs were reported to be infected, was 
estimated at over one hundred million marks ($25,000,000). And 
this year, 1911, the loss is sure to be much greater." 

The most important question before the people of the United States 
is the method of control. There are but two methods that are possible, 
namely, quarantine and eradication by slaughter. The quarantine 
method is the one that is adopted in Europe, and after years of trial it 



1^ 

was reported at the luteniational Congress at Baden Baden ]ii 1S9'J, 
by Hess, of Berne, who stated : 

"The diseased animals should be destroyed completely, includ- 
ing the heads and hair, and the exposed slaughtered under police 
supervision." 

Dr. Cope, of England, speaking of an outbreak in that country, 
says: 

"It w^s eventually stamped out in the County of Kent by the 
purchase, slaughter, and burial of several of the affected flocks." 
Prof. Dammann, of Hanover, at the same Congress mentioned, 
said: 

"Without an absolute quarantine of the infected farms, pre- 
venting even the movement of persons, the control of foot and 
mouth disease is not to be thought of" ; "but this measure," he says, 
"cannot be executed." 
He further said that the 

"very severe requirements of the sanitary law has not succeeded 
in eradicating the disease, and notwithstanding the quarantine of 
the infected stables, reinforced in many cases by the quarantine of 
districts and even of a large zone around these ; notwithstanding the 
very extended prohibition of animal markets and the supervision 
exercised over the abattiors, dealers, stables, and railroad cars, the 
disease continued to prevail." 

We have, then, the evidence that in countries where the disease has 
grown up its control has been found to be impossible through any quar- 
antine that can be imposed, and in place of this Europeans have recom- 
mended slaughter of infected and exposed animals and a thorough dis- 
infection of tiie infected premises. 

In view of the unsatisfactory experience in Europe under the quar- 
antine system, this government adopted the policy of permitting erad- 
ication by means of the slaughter of the infected and exposed animals. 
This was first applied in the outbreak in 1884 in Portland, Me. ; it 
was successfully employed in the 1902 outbreak in ISTew England, and 
in the 1908 outbreak. It is this method that the government has adopted 
in the present most serious of all outbreaks in the United States. It 
has been largely successful and it is believed that it will be entirely so. 
There seems to be no other way by which this disease can be rooted out 
of the country, other than to destroy every carrier of the virus and the 
disinfection of all contaminated places. It should be clearly under- 
stood that in eradicating this disease the first cost is the least. Should 
foot and mouth disease be allowed to remain in any section of this 
country it would cause a quarantine to be placed upon the whole coun- 
try by other nations, and in this country it would very likely cause the 
state or states in which the disease continued to remain, to be quar- 
antined by other states. We cannot afford to have the disease in our 
land. Thrice it has been entirely eradicated by this method, and there 
is no reason to expect that for the fourth time it will not be entirely 
removed from this country, and the lessons that I hope we have learned 
from it will enable both states and Nation to adopt such measures in 
the future as are necessary to forever keep it away. 



13 

I thank you for 3-oui- kind attention and trust that these somewhat 
rambling remarks on the nature and control of this disease may be of 
some assistance to you. 

QUESTIONS ASKED MR. MOORE. 

Q. I would like to ask the doctor what effect this disease has on 
sheep and horses? 

A. Foot and mouth disease is a disease of the cloven-footed ani- 
mals; they suffer more than the other animals. Horses are said to be 
affected at times, but they are not so susceptible, apparently. Now, one 
claims that these aninuils will contract the disease if they are infected, 
but because of the habits of horses they have rarely become infected ; but 
I believe it is generally considered a disease of cattle, sheep and swine. 

Q. There is one school of scientists who believe that the only cure 
and the only way to prevent the spread of this disease is by slaughter. 
1 want to know whether there is another school of scientists, who, if 
they were addressing a body such as this, would claim that it was not 
necessary to slaughter the infected animals, but that the disease could 
be cured and checked by quarantine? 

A. I don't know of any body of that kind, ''i'lierc is this fact that 
Dr. Law says, that he believed that if a quarantine sufficiently rigid to 
prevent the escape of the virus from the infected premises could be 
maintained long enough for any virus left on the recovered animals to 
die out, that it would check the disease. It is difficult, in fact impos- 
sible, to state what percentage of herds there would be in which the 
subsequent infections would not develop, and under these conditions 
he believes that the disease could be controlled by quarantine; but as 
pointed out by Prof. Dammann and others, in a country where there is 
a much better control of the people than in the United States, such a 
quarantine is absolutely impossible. 
Q. Who is Dr. Law? 

-A. Dr. Law is at Ithaca. He came there in 18G8 and was pro- 
fessor of veterinary medicine there until 1896, when he was appointed 
dean of the veterinary college and held that position until six years 
ago when he retired. He is now 76 years old. 
Q. Did you succeed him? 

A. I succeeded him as Dean of the College; yes, sir. 



Me. Stevenson: Dr. C. J. Marshall, Professor of Veterinary 
]\[edicine, University of Pennsylvania, is recognized by all readers of 
Live Stock Journals as authority on all matters pertaining to live stock 
sanitation. He is peculiarly well fitted to address us today, inasmuch 
as he has entirely eradicated the foot and mouth disease in the State of 
Pennsylvania on two occasions. 

APHTHOUS FEVER. 

By C. J. Marshall, State Veterinarian, Pennsylvania. 

In the fall of 1908, there was an outbreak of foot and mouth 

disease in Pennsylvania. It originated in Michigan and was carried to 

various parts of Pennsylvania by cattle shipped from Buffalo. There 



14t 

were eight separate and distinct points of infection received about the 
same time. The infection extended over an area of 100 miles in length 
. and in the part of the state where animal husbandry is most extensively 
practiced. The infection was found on 100 farms, 1,320 head of cattle, 
877 swine, 52 sheep and 3 goats were diseased or exposed to the infec- 
tion. They were appraised at $57,702.49, promptly killed, buried, and 
the premises were disinfected. The cost of disinfection averaged about 
$100 per herd. All told this outbreak cost a little over $86,000. The 
Federal Bureau of Animal Industry and the state paid the balance. It 
required three months to stamp out the disease. 

The state was then free from aphthous fever for a period of six 
years. In the fall of 1914 another outbreak occurred which was much 
more extensive. Two herds were quarantined in Lancaster County on 
October 23. One affected animal was discovered in the Pittsburgh stock 
yards on the same date. These yards were quarantined on the 24th of 
October. Since that time the disease has been found in 27 counties on 
about 650 farms. We have destroyed something over 10,000 head of 
cattle and 6,000 hogs. The total expense will rim close to $750,000. 

The plan adopted in the previous outbreak was to locate diseased 
herds, place them in quarantine, appraise all cloven-footed animals on 
the premises at full market value whether diseased or not, kill and bury 
them under 6 feet of earth, disinfect the premises and hold the premises 
in quarantine for six weeks after the disinfection. This work was all 
done in a period of three months. Some did not agree fully with this 
policy_, yet there was no serious objections that delayed or hindered in 
any way the progress of the work. There were not sufficient funds in 
the treasury at the beginning of the outbreak to meet the obligations. 
The money was promptly appropriated by the legislature. The Federal 
and state governments were able to pay all just claims in a short time. 
The management of the outbreak was satisfactory to all parties 
concerned. 

When the present outbreak occurred the members of the State 
Live Stock Sanitary Board voted unanimously to handle it practically 
in the same manner that had been successfully followed in the previous 
trouble. There has been very little opposition to the work of eradication 
tliis time. The only object in nearly every case has been to clean out 
and clean up as soon as possible. The work has progressed rapidly. At 
the present time there are but four known infected herds in the State. 
These we hope to bury and finish all the disinfection by the end of 
this week. 

We are in entire sympathy with this plan of handling the disease 
and approve fully of what the Bureau of Animal Industry is doing to 
exterminate it. It may be possible to work out some better plan to 
handle future outbreaks if they should occur. 

With the work so nearly completed in all infected states we feel 
that it would be a mistake to adopt any other plan at present. We 
realize that the disease is not highly fatal and that recovery will take 
place in a high percentage of cases' without even a learned course of 
treatment. It is one of the most highly contagious diseases of cloven- 
footed animals and while the death rate is comparatively low the losses 
to animal industry are considerable. The disease has gained a foothold 
in nearly all European countries and it is practically impossible for 



15 

them to adopt our method for exterminating it. All countries except 
the liriti^h Isles handle it by close quarantine. It is necessary to hold 
infected lierds in quarantine for something over three months. A recent 
investigator in the Netherlands, where the disease is common, has shown 
that it costs practically $20 per head in each infected herd to handle the 
disease in quarantine. This is the best they can do after many years 
of experience in trying to control it by the quarantine method. Their 
expense is figured on the loss in milk production, loss in condition of 
meat producing animals, loss from work in oxen, death from the 
disease, and extra care given to those that are sick. It is doubtful if 
a herd owner in this country could afford to have aphthous fever in 
his herd for $20 per head. If this method were adopted there would 
be constant unrest in the neighborhood. It would be necessary to 
increase the inspection force to locate new centers of infection. The 
quarantined herds should be under constant Federal or state super- 
vision. Neither the state nor Federal Government could be expected 
to remunerate the owners for losses sustained during the course of the 
disease. It has been demonstrated in all foreign countries that this 
method will not exterminate the disease. We cannot hope to do some- 
thing that they have failed to accomplish. It will take us years to 
develop veterinary sanitary police regulations for handling aphthous 
fever by the quarantine method that is as good as theirs. We cannot 
'afford to even experiment with it. It would be a calamity to the cattle, 
swine, and sheep industry of this country to have this disease get beyond 
our control. 

Every state should be prepared with laws, rules, regulations, agents, 
and money to fight aphthous fever, rinderpest and all other trans- 
missible diseases of live stock. The fight should be determined and 
persistent. A herd owner should not be a menace to his neighbors and 
no state should send aphthous fever, hog cholera, tuberculosis, glanders, 
etc., to other states to jeopardize their live stock interests. This can be 
prevented to a great extent if each state will do its part. It can't be 
done without efficient official supervision and a strong public sentiment 
on the part of herd owners in favor of genuine cooperation with Federal, 
state, and local authorities. 



Mr. Stevenson : There is no man in the State of Illinois, whose 
influence goes farther than that of Dr. Mumford, Professor of Animal 
Husbandry, at the University of Illinois. I am a farmer myself and for 
six years 1 have gone to Champaign for two weeks each winter to listen 
to his lectures on stock raising. I feel I can say without exaggeration 
that the breeders and feeders who have followed his advice during the 
last few vears have now profited greatly. 

A CEISIS IN THE FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE SITUATION. 

By H. W. MuMFOKi), Professor of Animal Husbandry, University of 

Illinois. 

(Communication from the Agricultural Experiment Station, Uni- 
versity of Illinois.) 

There are two sides to every question upon which men differ honestly 
and at present there are differences of opinion between many of the 



16 

cattle owners on one side and the Federal Bureau of Animal Industry 
and Illinois Live Stock Commission on the other regarding the best 
method of combating foot and mouth disease. The Agricultural Experi- 
ment Station recognizes that this is a crisis and feels that a clear state- 
ment of both sides may aid the public generally to a better understanding 
of the present situation. 

A brief outline of preceding events may serve as an introduction 
to this statement. Spreading from a single point in Michigan the foot 
and mouth disease was distributed from New England to Montana 
within a month and it was plain that if not checked it would reach 
practically every herd in the country within a short time. 

The Federal Bureau of Animal Industry and the various State 
Live Stock Commissions who are charged with handling such matters 
were not organized to control an outbreak of such magnitude. At that 
time there were but few men in the United States available as inspectors 
who had ever seen a case of this disease. Under such circumstances it 
is to be expected that mistakes in diagnosis would be made. Starting in 
late October with what seemed a practically hopeless situation the centers 
of infection have been located and removed until the general situation 
is now well in hand and there is little uncertainty as to the outcome 
except in the State of Illinois. Here the infection had been heaviest 
and something over 500 herds have been destroyed in combating the 
disease in this State. Of the herds reported diseased less than 25 
remained alive on January 18, in addition to the National Dairy Show 
cattle held in quarantine for experimental purposes. 

Where even a single animal was found diseased the entire herd has 
been slaughtered and the Federal authorities have agreed to pay one- 
half of the appraised value of the slaughtered animals, there being an 
understanding, but no legal provision, that the State would pay the other 
half. The large financial loss incident to this slaughter and the uncer- 
tainty created in the minds of other cattle owners as to the possibility 
of their being the next victims have created a very panicky feeling in 
many communities. 

The cattle owners feel that they have been made to bear unneces- 
sary burdens by this program of universal slaughter. They point out 
that in many of the herds, particularly in the National Dairy Show 
cattle, the effect of the disease is so slight as to be hardly noticeable to 
the casual observer and the death rate has been extremely low. They 
urge that a way be provided for saving the cattle, particularly in the 
cases where the herds represent the results of years of careful breeding. 

There is also dissatisfaction on the financial side. The appraised 
values, while not seriously below the market value of the ordinary ani- 
mal, do not cover the breeding value of the animal or the disorganization 
of the farm business which has resulted from the destruction of the 
herds. The latter is especially important upon the dairy farms where 
the farm plan calls for a herd to consume the forage. Where the cattle 
are destroyed they cannot be replaced under present conditions both 
because the traffic in cattle is stopped and because it would be unwise to 
at once restock the infected farms. Accordingly the crops can not be 
consumed upon these farms as usual. On the other hand, there is no 
market for these forage crops because of the danger that they may trans- 
mit the disease. As a result of the loss of their cattle and the market 



17 

for their crops such dairy farmers are losiiiij Ix^ivily. if not facing actual 
financial ruin. 

Neither does, this valuation cover tiie accessory expense and inconve- 
nience incident to the destruction of the herds. In some instances weeks 
have elapsed between the date of diagnosis and slaughter and another 
long period before the final disinfection of the premises. During this 
time a strict quarantine was maintained which hampered the people 
upon the farm and prevented obtaining assistance for the necessary farm 
operations. This quarantine has been continued in a modified form long 
after the final disinfection. Finally the money promised by the govern- 
ment has not yet been paid and the State has as yet had no opportunity 
to provide for payment of the other half. 

However, the foot and mouth disease must be recognized as one of 
the most costly animal scourges. In many herds in this State the disease 
has appeared in a mild form and consequently many stockmen have not 
I'ealized the seriousness of the outbreak. The fact is that when stripped 
of all exaggeration it far exceeds either tuberculosis or contagious abor- 
tion in the havoc which it works and the ease with which it is spread. 
It produces little or no immunity so that ravages of the disease occur at 
short intervals. With the present narrow margin of profit in the meat 
and milk business, the carrying of the additional burden of foot and 
mouth disease would be impossible without a rise in the price of both 
milk and meat. Accordingly if the disease became general the burden 
of this new state of affairs would fall not only upon the farmers, but 
upon the consumers as well. Since the various elements of cost have 
now forced meat to an almost prohibitive price, there is reason to expect 
that this added cost would seriously cripple if not practically destroy the 
fat stock industry of this country. There is no question, therefore, but 
that it would be good business policy to spend vastly more than the 
present struggle has cost rather than settle down to foot and mouth 
disease as an added burden to the animal industry of these United States. 

The objection to quarantine as a method of combating the disease 
is that it is both difficult and expensive to maintain, especially when the 
disease is so extremely contagious. Such a quarantine is now being 
maintained in connection with the Dairy Show cattle at Chicago and 
notwithstanding the unusual value of the aninuils the expense has been 
so great that it is a question whether the owners would not have been 
better off had they accepted the appraised value of the cattle in the 
regular way and submitted to slaughter at the beginning of the outbreak. 
On an ordinary dairy farm the expense of maintaining an efficient 
quarantine coupled with the difficulty in marketing the product would 
make the quarantine method of handling this disease more expensive 
than the present slaughter method. The apparent recovery of the Dairy 
Show herd has been so frequently referred to as a successful result of 
the quarantine method of handling the disease that it seems desirable 
to point out that the careful and rigid quarantine maintained and the 
sanitary and professional care with which the cattle have been surrounded 
would be absolutely impossible on the average farm. 

Even where quarantines are carefully conducted they become a 
menace to the surrounding farms because the infection can be carried in 

^2 F M 



18 

• 

a mechanical way by birds and by hunters as well as by cats, dogs, rats, 
mice, and rabbits. The difficulty of maintaining an effective quarantine 
is such that any attempt to do so on a large number of farms would be 
practically equivalent to abandoning the effort to eradicate the disease. 

The present outbreak of foot and mouth disease does not differ from 
those which have preceded it in any way except in being originally more 
widespread and consequently more difficult to suppress. The method of 
procedure which is now being employed is precisely that which has been 
successful in suppressing previous outbreaks and the results thus far 
attained indicate that the present outbreak can be controlled by this 
means. 

Under such circumstances it seems the plain duty of all who have 
the welfare of the live stock interests at heart to unite in supporting the 
effort to eradicate foot and- mouth disease from this countrv. 



Me. Stevenson: Dr. S. E. Bennett represents the United States 
Bureau of Animal Industry and is now in charge of the work of the 
Federal Government in the State of Illinois. 

In response to a request from the Governor and the Live Stock 
Board he has agreed to tell us the Federal Government's attitude in 
this matter. 

Dr. S. E. Bennett, Inspector for the United States Bureau of Animal 

Industry in Illinois. 

Mr. Chairman : This is one of the greatest pleasures of my life — 
to be here this afternoon. Now, I have always wanted to go into some 
legislative hall and look over the members of the Legislature. I have 
had the impression that legislators — from cartoons I have seen and 
articles I have read about you — were men going about seeking whom 
they might devour, and a great many of you, from the newspapers and 
cartoons, may have the same impression of us. I am agreeably surprised 
this afternoon to see so many bright and intelligent faces. 

I am here to represent the United States Government, but would 
rather be out in the field working than doing this. The policy of the 
United States Government has always been, in matters of this kind, 
very radical, and I think I am one of the most radical representatives 
they have. 

It has been my good fortune, or misfortune, to have "butted" into 
three outbreaks of the foot and mouth disease. I was sent to Massachu- 
setts at one time, and had been there only a short time when the foot 
and mouth disease broke out, and wherever I was sent they had an out- 
break of that disease. 

Afterwards I was sent back West, and was on a trip East and 
stopped in Buffalo, six years later, where they had another outbreak of 
the foot and mouth disease. I had a nice easy job in Indiana, and last 
fall they transferred me to Chicago. I was thinking what a nice time I 
M^as going to have in Mr. Shurtleff's district, getting rid of tuberculosis, 
and then I ran into the foot and mouth disease again. 



19 

Generally the policy we have adopted ha? heen a radical one. We 
think the only thino- to do in a case of this kind, is to slaughter and have 
a very strict quarantine. We know, of course, it causes a fjroat many 
people a <xood deal of inconvenience. We do not contend that this 
disease is necossnrily fatal. Statistics show that ordinary forms of the 
disease prohnhly kill ahout 3 per cent of the animals infected. That is 
not the question. The question we are contendinfi with rio^ht now is 
whether we want another animal disease in this country that causes Buch 
an enormous loss. We have various diseases that affect the live ptock — 
tuberculosis, anthrax, measles, and hog cholera — and various other dis- 
eases that affect live stock in this coiintry. You perhaps do not know 
that ahout 15 per cent of all hogs that go to Chicago are affected with 
tuberculosis; 6 per cent of all cattle that go there are affected with 
tuberculosis, and that 3 per cent of all cattle are affected with measles. 
It has been estimated that the outbreaks of cholera have cost the swine 
breeders of this country about $65,000,000 per year. We do not think we 
need another disease in this country at all ; we think we have all we can 
handle and pay for, and what we are trying to do right now is to prevent 
the foot and mouth disease from getting a permanent foothold. You have 
heard from the other gentlemen that this is a serious proposition, although 
it docs not kill the animal except in a few instances, and we have come 
to the conclusion that quarantine in a country as free as ours is prac- 
tically impossible. You cannot get a farmer to tie up his cattle and 
take the necessary precautions that are required to keep this disease in 
check. He will get away from it in spite of anything you can do. That 
has been the experience of all the countries where this disease has been 
found. It will he our experience. We have not the sanitary police 
organizations that they have in other countries. We have been successful 
in coping with the disease heretofore, and have stamped it out in every 
instance. We have just now the largest outbreak we have ever had ; it 
has appeared in 18 states, and in the State nf Illinois alone we have 
slaughtered 539 herds of cattle. It appeared in 53 counties. Thirty- 
three have already been cleaned out and we are working in the other 
counties. We are inconvenienced a little in this work at the present 
time, owing to a little unpleasantness, but hope to have that adjusted 
pretty soon. We are also having isolated cases reported here and there, 
h\^t most of the difficulty is now in three counties, where we have met 
with the most opposition. It is not our intention, gentlemen, to anta- 
gonize the farmers. Of course, in a great many instances they have 
received bad advice and they have not come, probably, to the proper place 
to get straightened out, but in every instnnce where we have had an 
opportunity to talk with these farmers and explain our object we have 
had no difficulty with them. We have assured them that they will get 
their money from the government, and we have assured them that any 
property we destroy in the matter of cleaning and disinfecting, any feed 
and fodder that belongs to them, they will be reimbursed for. and when 
they understand it in that wav, we discover that they as a rule are a 
pretty good bunch of people. They realize the importance of this thing. 
I know it looks pretty hard, and probably I understand as well as anv- 
body what it means to a live stock producer to have a fine herd of cattle 
led out and slaughtered, hut at the same time it means a whole lot more 
to a great many other people in case we do not eradicate this disease. 



20 

And when we think of the enormous value of the live stock interest in 
this country, if it costs the United States Government $50,000,000 to 
eradicate the foot and mouth disease, the money is well expended. For 
this reason we must have cooperation from all sides, and we must have 
hearty cooperation. If the farmers are badly advised by people that 
probably do not have their interests at heart, only to a certain extent, it 
necessarily works a hardship upon them, as well as everybody else. We 
have an example of that in Bureau County at the present time. From 
all indications from what the farmer has told us he had the disease 
about six weeks ago. It was not reported and his cattle became sick 
again. He got cold feet on the proposition and sent for some one, and 
now he is convinced that there is something to the disease. We have 
this information from him. He tells us the cattle are in the shape now 
that they were about six weeks ago, and in several instances we have 
learned of herds being covered up and not being reported, and that may 
account for the outbreaks we are having now. There may be some 
source of infection that we do not know about; that isn't anything to 
the farmers credit in my estimation, and he necessarily handicaps his 
neighbors, and may become a menace to the whole United States. I 
would rather inconvenience some people for two or three months than 
to inconvenience the rest of the United States for the rest of its life. 
I would like to see the members get together and push this thing 
along, and I think you can eradicate the foot and mouth disease in very 
short order. 



QUESTIONS PEOPOUNDED TO MR. BENNETT, WITH 

ANSWERS. 

Q. Are, those animals that are affected with the disease ever driven 
to the market for human consumption ? 

A. We have found affected cattle in the Union Stock Yards at 
Chicago; yes. 

Q. I realize they are subject to Federal regulation, but where it 
gets to the market, is it fit for human consumption? 

A. No, we deem it as unfit for food. 

Q. What becomes of the 15 per cent of hogs that are affected with 
tuberculosis ? 

A. They are handled under the Bureau of Regulation. 

Q. What effect does the weather have on this- disease? 

A. Cold weather has a tendency to slow the disease up, it does not 
develop so rapidly as it does in warm weather. I remember reading of 
one case where they said the virus had remained active for nine months 
at a freezing temperature. Our object in handling this disease, is to 
kill the cattle, get them under ground, and clean and disinfect the 
premises as soon as possible, and to prevent movements just as much 
as possible of any live stock in infected territories. One of the worst 
things we have to contend with in the foot and mouth disease, is prob- 
ably the class of men who do not realize the importance of it ; he does 
not realize how infectious a disease he has to deal with. If his neigh- 
bor's cattle have become affected he naturally sympathizes with him and 
goes over to his neighbor's farm, thoughtlessly perhaps, and wants to 
give his cattle the "once over." 



21 

Q. What regulation has been necessary in interstate shipments from 
a district that has had the infection? 

A. Tlie present regulation in Illinois is that from the portion of 
the State that is in quarantine, no interstate sliipments are permitted. 

Q. Where the infection is stopped, how long is it before shipments 
can take place again? 

A. After we have cleaned and disinfected and completed our inspec- 
tion, it is 60 days after disinfection. 

Q. Then, inasmuch as the loss would fall on all of the taxpayers 
of Illinois, has there been any recommendations as to the stock feeders 
buying and bringing in any new cattle? 

A. We do not bring in any feeders in the quarrantined area of 
Illinois; there are no feeders brought into the affected area. We do not 
think it is advisable to bring in cattle that we might have to buy 
ourselves. 

Q. There are cattle brought in of this class? 

A. None being brought in from outside of the State. 

Q. It is the recommendation that no more cattle be bought until 
the disease has been eradicated? 

A. It Avould appear to me that that would be the only policy on 
the part of the men in the feeding business. I wouldn't think of 
putting my money into it if I thought I would have to sell at less than 
I bought for. If the government would pay me more, I might do it. 

Q. Who has done the slaughtering, the Federal Government of 
the State? 

A. The Federal Government has been doing most of the slaugh- 
tering. 

Q. Have they done all, or only part of it? 

A. The State inspectors have done some. 

Q. What per cent? 

A. I couldn't tell you that. 

Q. Approximately? 

A. I couldn't tell you that. 

Q. By the authority of the Federal Government, or of this State? 

A. You understand we haven't any authority to slaughter in this 
State — the Federal Government has no authority to slaughter cattle in 
the State of Illinois. 

Q. It is a fact, however, that the Federal Government has slaufrhtered 
a majority of those that have been slaughtered in the State of Illinois? 

A. Yes, sir; and that is with the agreement between the Federal 
Government and the State authorities and with the owners. When we 
appraise a lot of cattle, the owners sign an agreement and release on 50 
per cent of the valuation which he expects to get from the government. 

Q. I have been told by some farmers down in my section of the 
country who claim to be eye witnesses, that after the infected stock had 
been killed, that for a period of from six to ten weeks no disinfecting 
had been done? 

A. I don't know of any instances of that kind. 

Q. It certainly would be some fault there if the stock had been 
killed and the process of cleaning up the premises immediately had not 
been followed out? 



22 

A. I don't know of any instances where premises were left six or 
eight or ten weeks. Our policy is to clean up the premises as soon as 
we can get to it. There may have been some delay. We have now in 
the State of Illinois about 600 men cleaning and disinfecting, and we 
have 12 veterinarians working with them, and we have killed cattle on 
539 premises. Thirty-three counties are already cleaned and disinfected. 
It is quite a job, especially at this time of the year. If you have had any 
experience in work of this kind yourself you will realize what a proposi- 
tion it is. I was in one county when the thermometer registered 29 
degrees below zero, and you can imagine what a proposition it was to 
keep a spray pump going in that climate. The boys have been working 
right along doing the work as fast as they can. 

Q. What percentage of the infection is removed by the slaughter of 
the herd? 

A. You remove the active infection there at the time you get them 
underground, and also you prevent further infection from the saliva 
dropping into the troughs, in the acute stage of the disease, and prevents 
the virus from being carried on the attendant's feet to other places, and 
when the government has killed the cattle, every precaution has been 
taken to check it until we come up to clean the premises. 

Q. But the slaughter of the animals removes a very large per cent 
of the infection? 

A. Yes, it removes a very large percentage of the infection and the 
chance of carrying the infection. 

Q. If the buried animal should become uncovered would there be 
danger of infection from it again? 

A. We put them down about 7 feet and cover them with quick lime, 
when we bury them; we figure there is about 5 feet of earth over them. 

Q. Have you buried any ? 

A. We have burned some and that is all right. We did that 12 
years ago in Vermont. We have had cases where we had to use dynamite 
in order to get into the ground, it has been so cold. We used that 
method with 62 cattle in Vermont. I don't like the thing myself, because 
it is a very nasty thing to start with. The cattle have to be opened and 
the internal organs taken out, and the carcasses quartered, and you can 
imagine what kind of a mess that would make on the farm. Ordinarily 
speaking, that is not the method we would use in dealing with this 
disease. 

Q. What is the total loss up to date? 

A. For the State of Illinois? 

Q. Yes. 

A. The present valuation in Illinois to date is $1,200,000 for the 
entire live stock. 

Q. One-half of which is paid? 

A. One-half of which is paid, yes. 

Q. Isn't it true that the State and Federal officials have been work- 
ing in complete harmony in the effort of stamping out this disease? 

A. Yes, sir, they have been working in harmony right along. 

Q. There has been no friction? 

A. There has been friction over minor points, biit we have adjusted 
those. 



23 

Q. Tn what way do they disinfect themselves — the men who do this 
woik and go from one place to another? 

A. We provide each one of these helpers with a uniform — with over- 
alls and jumpers — and they are instructed, in cleaning and disinfecting 
premises, to leave those overalls on the premises where they are working 
until they are througli ; when they go home at night they are left there. 
Then, their shoes are disinfected and they are ])ermitted to go home. In 
going to the next farm, all this clothing is taken and placed in a con- 
tainer of some kind and thoroughly fumigated before they are taken to 
the next place. Our inspectors in the field are provided with rubber 
coats, hats, gloves and boots. When they make an inspection, on your 
farm, for instance, before proceeding to another farm, whether they 
found infection or not, their hats, gloves and boots. would be disinfected 
in a bichloride of mercury solution. They would do this whether they 
found any infection or not. They do it on any farm, and we do that to 
prevent criticism. We are criticized sufhciently anyway. We go on the 
assumption ihat if the disease broke out on a particular farm after our 
inspector had been there, he would certainly be blamed for bringing it 
there, and for that reason we take that precaution. 

Q. Is it true that in any instance they permit people to take swine 
out of the herds for the meat, before they decide to slaughter them? 

A. That perhaps would be permitted under certain circumstances — 
for instance, we go onto your premises and you have, say 50 cattle and 
some 30 hogs. If there were some of those hogs that did not show signs 
of the disease, we would not object to your killing a couple of them. 

Q. I am asking you this question chiefly because some of the people 
down in my country have gotten the idea that it is not dangerous and 
that it is not bad, and that it is not really contageous, and I wanted to 
know whether, permitting them to do that, would spread the disease? 

A. I know, in the Northern part of the State, where w^e were going 
to kill some cattle and hogs, the farmer asked me if he could have a 
couple of those hogs for his own use, and I told him I s^w no objection. 
We made a very careful examination of them before slaughtering, and 
we told him we saw no objection to it at all. If I thought there would 
be any objection or any chance of infection, I would not for a minute 
submit to it. 

Q. I asked this question because it has raised a feeling against the 
slaughter of the diseased animals in my county. It has led our people 
to feel it is not so bad and that slaughter is not necessary. They do 
not apparently understand the situation. 

A. That is one time when we thought we were doing the farmer a 
favor, and weren't, I guess. 

Q. How long a period of time must elapse before the farm can be 
restocked ? 

A. We recommend 60 days after disinfection. I have made some 
experiments along that line and one time I put some cows in the barn 
five days afterwards, to see how it worked out. 

Q. What happened? 

A. They stayed healthy. 

Q. Now, I understand, and I have been informed by others, that 
this disease starts in the hoof and infection is caused in the mouth 
through the licking of their hoofs? It that right? 



34 . 

A. No, there is nothing to that at all. There are a great many 
instances where these vesicles develop in the mouth, and you do not 
find foot lesions at all. 

Q. That was for my own information. 

A. Yes, but there is nothing to that at all. On the. matter of re- 
stocking, we specify 60 days; we think it is absolutely safe after that 
time. There might be a spot in the disinfecting that the men might 
possibly have overlooked. We depend on nature to some extent to help 
us out with it. We don't mean to overlook any dark spots or corners, 
but we might do it, and for that reason we specify that length of time. 

Q. In the matter of quarantine, how long should the premises 
remain quarantined after the stock has been slaughtered, disposed of 
and the disinfection has taken place ? 

A. We are perfectly willing to leave that to the farmer, after we 
are through with it. We fumigate and disinfect the premises, and the 
rest will have to be left to you. 

Q. What would be the length of time that the premises would remain 
in quarantine after these affected herds had been disposed of and the 
affected premises had been cleaned up, — for what length of time after 
that process had been completed would the place remain in quarantine? 

A. After we had located all the diseased herds, which we do just 
as quick as we can possibly do it, we make a house to house canvass in 
that vicinity within a three or five mile radius and make our inspection. 
After that, if we found no disease anywhere in the county, it could be 
released from quarantine. 

Q. Then it would be within the time which you require to make 
such inspection? 

A. It would depend entirely upon the speed with which we would 
make the inspection. 

Q. If you could make that in a week, that would be the length of 
time? 

A. No, 15 days between inspections, and we usually make two 
inspections, so that the shortest time would be 30 days. 

Q. In your judgment, doctor, within 30 days after a county has 
been cleaned out, that county might be safely released from quarantine ? 

A. Yes, sir, if we found nothing in that county to indicate that it 
was infected, that would be the time.. 

Q. What is the period between the exposure of the animal to the 
disease and the active manifestation of the disease? 

A. That varies, from three to five days. We know of cases where 
it has gone 26 days. I know of one case under my own observation 
where it went 15 days, and I know of one instance where it developed 
34 hours after exposure. 

Q. Doctor, isn't it a fact that the premises of these farmers will 
disinfect themselves in the summer time when the temperature is high 
and there is a good deal of sunlight ? 

A. Yes, that is the idea; we think sunlight and air are the best 
agents we have for that kind of work. 

Q. Then, the winter time would be favorable to the deyelopment 
of the disease? 



25 

A. No, it is not; in the protected places the cold weather slows 
up the disease. In the summertime it will develop faster, but in those 
surfaces exposed to the sunlight its development will be retarded, but 
in other places where there is no sunlight, it will not be slowed up. 
The disease is slowed up in the winter time in these protected places. 

Q. Do you know the cause of the foot and mouth disease? 

A. I do not. I do not know of a preventative, except to get rid 
of it. 

Q. How many "curealls" have been suggested since this disease 
has come out? 

A. I couldn't figure it. i have a file on that, labeled the "Nut 
file." 

Q. Is this disease plain enough so that every veterinarian can diag- 
nose it plainly? 

A. Ordinary cases are easy to diagnose ; that is, the foot and mouth 
disease that you would recognize if you saw it once — the foot and mouth 
disease we all know. There are various forms of foot and mouth disease 
that might fool the most expert. 

Q. Mistakes can sometimes be made then in the diagnosis? 

A. A^eterinarians are human, you know. 

Q. I presume so. 

A. Yes, that is one of the earmarks of the human being, they are 
liable to err, you know. 

Q. How long after a case is diagnosed usually elapses before the 
slaughter of a herd of cattle? 

A. Just as soon as we can have the work done. 

Q. Do you allow a certain time to confirm your diagnosis? 

A. Yes, as a rule we do. My instructions have been to get the hole 
started, because I would rather pay for the hole than I would for the 
cattle. If a mistake has been made we just have to put the dirt back 
into the hole. I have done that at times. I remember in one outbreak 
I paid for the digging of three holes. 

Q. When you did not slaughter? 

A. When there was no slaughter. We found the disease had not 
developed there sufficiently for us to kill the. animals. 

Q. Paid for the hole and not for the cattle? 

A. Paid for the hole and not for the cattle. 

Q. Do you always use quicklime? 

A, We always use quicklime ; at least that is what we are supposed 
to get; that is what the instructions are — to use quicklime. 

Q. You never use any fonu of slacked lime? 

A. No, not that I know of. Their instructions are to get quicklime 
for that work. 

Q. Have you ever used slacked lime, doctor? 

A. We prefer quick lime. 

Q. As a matter of fact, slacked lime would not do a bit of good, 
would it? 

A. I don't know whether it would or not. We like quicklime, 
because it is a better burner, and bums the carcasses very quickly. 

Q. Does the foot and mouth disease develop in the human family? 

A. I have never seen a case of it myself, but they claim it does 
develop in the human family. The danger would be in that case that 



26 • 

the milk would be infected coming from these infected animals, and by 
the milk cans coming in contact with the vehicles and the milk becoming 
contaminated in that way. 

Q. Can you ever trace the disease from one farm to another. 

A. I wouldn't want to pin that right down to as fine a point as 
that; I wouldn't say that a man had gone to his neighbor's farm and 
then gone back to his own, but I would tell you of an instance when 
1 was in Massachusetts, where we had a stall of 103 cows, and wherever 
the cows went, we killed the cattle on the premises. I know of another 
instance where a young man in Massachusetts was called in to look at a 
cow. This was on Sunday. . He did not suspect foot and mouth disease, 
and treated her as the symptoms seemed to indicate and went back 
home. They called me up on Monday and I went out there and found 
we had foot and mouth disease, and at the end of that day I found 60 
cases of it, and at the end of the second day, 113. I called him up at 
his father's farm, of which he had charge. His father had 60 cows. I 
told him what I had found, and told him to go back home and take a 
look at his cows, and it later developed that foot and mouth disease 
made its appearance among his father's entire herd. 

Q. Have you found that some proportion of the infection were 
caused by the use of diseased or infected cholera serum? 

A. Not the serum. We have instances where virus had caused 
outbreaks of the foot and mouth disease. 

Q. How many cases or what proportion? 

A. Forty-two cases were found. 

Q. In the entire State? 

A. In the entire State. 

Q. How many of those cases were from Mercer County? 

A. I do not know the number of cases. 

Q. What later cases were infected from that source? 

A. I should judge 20 affected herds in Mercer County; I don't 
know what the percentage was in Mercer County. The most of it in 
Mercer, Henderson and Warren came through tlie virus, as I understand 
it. There were 65 herds in those three counties. 

Q. How many herds have you got that were affected in McLean 
County ? 

A. Fourteen in McLean County. 

Q. Is there any medical treatment that would relieve the disease? 

A. The disease will usually run its course, as a rule, in about 15 
days. It does not need much treatment. That is not the contention, 
you know. We don't claim these animals won't rnake a kind of recovery. 
We are simply trying to prevent the introduction of a new disease in 
this country that is going to cost an enormous sum of monev if it ever 
gets a foothold here. 

Q. Do you know whether or not they used virus on those farms in 
McLean County? 

A. I think possibly that you had two cases produced by virus there. 

Q. Do you recommend the virus treatment for hogs? 

A. Yes, sir, they use the virus for them. 

Q. In the preparation of this plan the great question of the people 
of Chicago — and it has spread widely over the city — is that in taking 
these bogs tg the yards to make this virus, is it possible that the hogs 



27 

were affected with the chnliMii at tlie time, and also the Toot and mouth 
disease? Or did the veterinary or inspecting agent say it was cholera 
when it was actually the foot and mouth disease? 

A. The chances are the hogs had been exposed to the foot and mouth 
disease and also had cholera, but the disease had not developed. 

Q. What is your opinion of treating effectively the dairy herd of 
cattle now in the stock yards? 

A. I don't know. I don't know a thing about those cattle. I saw 
the first one that was taken out, but I haven't seen them since. I haven't 
been in that barn at all. 

Q. Is it advisable for farmers to disinfect their premises where they 
have not been declared affected? 

A. Yes, sir, that is one of the big things of the farm in this country 
today. There are very few farmers that realize the importance of sani- 
tation ; it is one thing the farmer should take up. 

Q. You think that by proper sanitation you could stay the progress 
of the disease? 

A. You would stay the progress of a great many diseases of that 
kind that we have to contend with. 

Q. A herd of cattle belonging to a neighbor was killed on Saturday. 
A neighbor's cattle were shipped to Chicago on Saturday night. What 
my neighbor wants to know is how he can keep these cattle from being 
shipped out. 

A. I do not know the circumstances. What was the relation of the 
two herds? 

Q. They were on adjoining farms. 

A. Were they in a pasture next to these cattle? 

Q. Yes. 

A. I couldn't tell you as I know nothing about the circumstances. 
The chances are, if they were allowed to be shipped, they were pretty 
well satisfied that they had not been discovered. 

Q. They were with these cattle on Wednesday in the same stalk 
field? 

A. I would have to look into that first, I don't know. 

Q. What the neighbors are anxious to know is how they can prevent 
these cattle from being driven over the public highway. There are five 
or six miles of road along there over which this stock was driven before 
they were shipped to Chicago. 

A. If they were mixed with the other cattle and these cattle were 
sick, a thing of that kind should not take place. If that is the facts in 
the case — and I don't doubt what you say — it should not have been 
allowed to have happened. Will you give me the particulars of that, I 
would like to find out myself. 

Q. The cattle were shipped to Chicago. 

A. By whom? 

Q. Mr. Eiding. They were shipped with a lot of other cattle. 

A. Where from? 

Q. Morris, 111. 

Q. In case that is true, what remedy would you prescribe to take 
care of the rest of the fellows and not have these cattle driven over the 
public highway? 



28 

A. 1 think a rigid quarantine ought to be put into effect there. 

Q. Would you advise doing that? 

A. That is something outside of the jurisdiction of the Federal 
Government. The quarantine is within the State of Illinois. 

Q. In my county we have about the same condition, and the State 
Veterinarian and Government Veterinarian, cooperating together, made 
a county atlas, and wherever this occurred they made a circle around 
that farm for three miles, and quarantined everything inside of that 
circle and nobody was allowed to move a hoof within that circle into 
or out of it. 

A. That would remedy the situation. 

Q. A lot of the farmers over there would like a little light as to 
how the stock yards are operated. As I understand it, part of the stock 
yards are under quarantine, and those cattle coming from a quarantined 
part of the State are put into one division and the cattle that come 
from a non-quarantined part of the State are put into another division 
of the stock yards. Now, the farmers don't understand why such a 
condition of things exist; as long as all these cattle are slaughtered' 
together. They can't see why they should be separated. It has an 
effect on the price of cattle and that seems to create a considerable dis- 
turbance on the part of the people throughout the State. 

A. Dr. Dyson is here and he can probably explain that to you 
better than I can. 

Q. Has there been any of that disease reported in Cook County? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Q. How many cases? 

A. One man came out with a gattling gun and chased an inspector 
off, in Cook County. 

Gentlemen, I thank you. I am very glad to have been here this 
afternoon and I hope you will come along and help us out on this. 



Mr. Stevenson: Dr. U. G. Houck, Inspector of the Bureau of 
Animal Industry, is with us, and right from the seat of war. In fact, 
he is a conquering hero. He comes direct from Northern Indiana and 
Southern Michigan, where he has succeeded in eradicating the foot and 
mouth disease entirely. 

Dr. Houck : I deem it an honor to have been invited to annear before 
the Governor of the great State of Illinois and the representatives of the 
people of this State to express my humble views on a matter of so much 
importance to the live stock industry of the United States and this State 
in particular, since it is the center of the live stock interests of the 
country. 

I appreciate the honor of being permitted to appear with such men 
as Dr. Moore, who enjoys an enviable reputation, not only in this coun- 
try, but abroad, and is recognized as one of the foremost educators, and 
an authority on animal diseases ; such men as Dr. Marshall, who occupies 
an important chair in the University of Pennsylvania, and whose opinion 
and advice is sought on matters of national importance relating to the 
control of animal diseases; such men as Dr. Mumford also an educator 



29 

and authority; also Dr. Bennett, whose receding forelocks bares the scars 
of two simihir foot and moutli disease campaigns. From his fluent 
speech this afternoon, it is evident he was at h'ast exposed to tlie mouth 
disease in his first campaign. 

Dr. Moore has today traced for our benefit the history of foot and 
mouth disease from Asia into Europe, and explained its cause, course 
and termination, and how the disease has swept over Europe in periodical 
waves, the great damage it has wrought, and he has called attention to 
the great sums of money that have been spent in efforts to control the 
disease in foreign countries. It appears that when the disease abated 
sufficiently to make it practicable, European countries have seized the 
opportunity to resort to slaughter in connection with disinfection as a 
means of eradication. It is noteworthy that the disease has never been 
eradicated from any country that attempted it without slaughter of the 
infected and exposed animals. It has, however, been eradicated from 
some of the European countries that have adopted the slaughter method 
in connection with rigid quarantine, and the cleaning and disinfection of 
infected premises. We have ourselves, in 1903 and again in 1908, eradi- 
cated the disease from this country in a surprisingly short time, and at 
a comparatively small expense by the same methods which we are using 
in this outbreak. I believe there is not a country in Europe but that 
would welcome such a situation as now faces us and consider it a favor- 
able opportunity to resort to the slaughter measure as a part of their 
policy for eradicating the disease, and I believe they would gladly make 
the financial sacrifice, which it W9uld be necessary to incur through the 
slaughter of infected and exposed herds in such new outbreaks as has 
visited this country, for it costs these countries in unavoidable losses 
under their present methods more in one year in efforts to control the 
disease than it has cost us to eradicate all the foot and mouth disease 
together that has ever occurred in this country. But under present con- 
ditions, owing to the wide dissemination of the disease in European coun- 
tries, it would be as impracticable for Germany or France or Eussia to 
attempt to eradicate foot and mouth disease by slaughter, quarantine 
and disinfection as it would be for us now to attempt to eradicate hog 
cholera from this country by those radical measures without the aid of 
hog cholera preventive serum. If we had as much foot and mouth 
disease in this country as exists in Europe we would no doubt employ 
the same methods of control now in vogue in Germany and some other 
European countries. 

It has cost us about $600,000 to eradicate from this country the 
outbreaks of 1902 and 1908, and as a result of our promptness in attack- 
ing the disease and our efficiency in handling the situation our live stock 
industry has enjoyed 12 years of freedom from the disease at an expense 
of less than $50,000 a year. What would our losses have amounted to 
during the last 12 years of uninterrupted prosperity if the disease had 
been allowed to take its course in 1902? You stockmen of Illinois can 
figure it for yourselves. The latest published statistics show that on 
January 1, 1914, there were on the farms in Illinois 1,216,000 cattle 
other than milch cows; 1,017,000 milch cows; 984,000 sheep, 4,358,000 
swine. This live stock was estimated to be worth the enormous sum of 
one hundred seventy to one hundred seventy-five million dollars. 



30 • 

We have been told today that there is a depreciation in the value 
of animals that pass through the disease and recover. In Denmark 
this depreciation in value is estimated by Danish authorities to be $8 
per head; German authorities place the estimate for Germany at $7 per 
head; and in Holland it is placed at $10 per head. An English prac- 
titioner of wide experience states that it is none too high to place the 
loss on each animal that becomes affected and that ultimately recovers 
at $30, when milch cows or feeding cattle that are nearly finished are 
under consideration. I give you some data, now figure for yourself what 
the live stock industry of Illinois is now facing, and what we have 
escaped during the last 13 years through the energetic measures that 
were employed by the State and Federal authorities in the eradication 
of the disease. Further I would mention in passing, that we might not 
be able to measure our losses in this country by the same measure that 
Europe employs in measuring her losses. Foot and mouth disease has 
been bred in the animals of Europe for 300 years, at least according to 
what Dr. Moore has just told us. Our animals of the bovine specie, 
bred in the southern part of the United States, where Texas fever 
infection exists continuously, inherit an immunity to Texas fever, and 
the disease does little damage to the offspring of cattle born and raised 
in the south. Some of you no doubt know from experience what loss 
results from death of animals if the infection of Texas fever is allowed 
to get into a herd of Illinois cattle. I do not know that any scientific 
investigation has been conducted along this line, but it is suggestive that 
the cattle of Europe are probably more resistent to foot and mouth 
disease than our cattle would be, and that our losses from a spread of 
foot and mouth disease would be greater than the losses from a spread 
of the disease in Europe. 

The European estimates of depreciation in value of animals that 
have passed through the diseases are based upon the conditions that 
prevail in thickly populated Denmark, Holland and Germany, where 
the live stock is confined to buildings or limited enclosures, where they 
can be under observation, and where they can be treated and receive 
proper care. This condition is not comparable with what I saw in the 
state of Montana in the month of December, 1914. 

The disease had made its appearance on the open range in that 
state, and the news of its appearance there was terrifying to all those 
in this country who engage in the live stock industry and allied enter- 
prises. Fortunately, fortunately it seems we have been able to bury 
the diseased in Montana with the last infected herd that was slaughtered 
before I left the state on the 33d of December. This herd consisted of 
154 animals of mixed sizes, grades and sex, rustling for a living on a 
range which skirted the banks of the Yellowstone Eiver. The dry grass 
which constituted their only food, was covered by about 8 inches of 
snow; the thermometer oscillated between 13 above and 30 degrees 
below zero during the whole time" this herd was under our observation. 
The animals had no shelter for themselves or their newly born offspring 
except the "draws" and "washouts" which nature provided along the 
river bank. Such protection seems inadequate to those of us who have 
been accustomed to seeing animals stabled and fed, and as I stated 
before, the only feed accessible to these animals was the frozen dry 



31 

grass they were obliged to nose from under the hard snow. While we 
were in the pasture looking lor a suilai)le place to dig a trench to bury 
the herd, and while we were diggin? to ascertain to what depth the 
frost had penetrated the ground, the affected animals that could walk 
gathered in a semi-circle amouiul us on the side of a knoll so that the 
claws were separated, thus exposing to view the foot lesions of the 
disease. I have never seen worse foot lesions on animals affected with 
this disease. Many of these animals had blisters and sores over the 
entire muzzle and the skin was hancrinor in shreds from their tongues. 
I saw enough to convmcc me that the disease would assume a much 
more severe form on tlic plains than we have yet seen in any of our 
farming communities, and the loss necessarily would be much greater. 
Besides it would probalily be impossible for us to eradicate the disease 
if it once got a good start on the range. 

D'r, Moore in his address read quotations from some of the most 
eminent authorities in Europe on animal diseases, men who were born, 
reared, and educated and have studied the disease for years in the coun- 
tries of Europe, where it prevails in spite of the millions of dollars that 
have been spent in futile efforts to control it without resorting to the 
slaughter of the diseased and exposed animals. All of these authorities 
concur in opinion that the disease is very destructive; that at times it 
assumes a very malignant form and the losses are very heavy; that it is 
dreaded by farmers and stockmen of the British Isles more than all other 
epizootic diseases combined; that quarantine and disinfection alone have 
always failed to eradicate the disease and that it is their opinion that 
slaughter in connection with other measures that may be employed, is 
an indispensable feature in the eradication of the disease and no country 
has succeeded in eradicating it without slaughter. 

We have frequently heard people say during this outbreak that they 
have been told by Germans, Hollanders, Danes, etc., who have come to 
this country, that foot and mouth disease is not regarded seriously in 
Europe; that all they do there is to inoculate all the susceptible animals 
so that it will pass through the herd quickly, and in a couple of weeks 
the animals are entirely Avell, and in as good condition as ever. I am 
glad that Dr. Moore and others have today refuted that statement, and 
quoted for us the opinions of such eminent and reliable European 
authorities. We, in this country, know very little of the disease. Our 
farmers know nothing from experience of the complications, secondary 
infections, and bad results that follow in its wake. We have been suc- 
cessful in eradicating the disease so promptly that our farmers have 
been spared the bitter experience and the price so often payed for lessons 
we learn from experience. 

I perhaps cannot use the remainder of my time to better advantage 
than to relate a personal experience with a herd that had passed through 
the disease in Massachusetts in the outbreak of 1902 and was spared. 
The herd passed through the disease the latter part of October. I 
arrived at Boston, on December 9th, and my first assignment was to 
investigate the condition of a herd located near Sharon, Mass. This 
herd belonged to a prominent business man who resided in Boston. He 
called at the office some time- before my arrival in Boston, and requested 
of Dr. Salmon, who was then chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 
that his herd be spared as it had passed through the disease several 



32 • 

weeks before, and was now in good condition. He stated that the lesions 
were all healed, that the animals were all eating, cows were all coming 
back to their milk. On examination of this herd, I found no lesions 
or conditions of consequence. I did find some old scars in the mouths 
of a few of the animals and a lump in the udder of one of the 
cows, which indicated the beginning of gargot due to infection from the 
disease. I reported the conditions to Dr. Salmon and to Dr. Bennett, 
who had immediate charge of the eradication of this outbreak. No 
action was taken immediately. It was finally decided to clean and dis- 
infect the premises, spray the animals with a disinfectant, apply a dis- 
infectant to their feet and allow the herd to live. In about three weeks 
the owner again called at the office and stated that his herd was not 
doing as well as he expected; that some of the cows had gargot, many 
of them had aborted; the calves had died; he had lost one of the cows; 
they were not giving more than one-half to two-thirds of the milk they 
gave before they had the disease and, in general, the results were prov- 
ing very disappointing to him. He was advised that the fact that this 
herd was proving a financial disappointment was no good reason why 
the Federal Government and state of Massachusetts should now buy and 
slaughter the animals if there was no danger of their disseminating the 
infection of foot and mouth disease. The owner again returned in a 
couple of weeks and stated that if we did not slaughter some of the 
animals he would do so himself as their condition was such that he could 
not keep them on his place. I again visited the herd and found, as I 
recall it, 19 gargot cows. Two of them in particular showed udders so 
distended and sore that they shifted their weight from one hind foot to 
the other so as to avoid pressure on the sore udders which were filled 
with pus. These animals were not eating and had become very thin — 
so thin they would not be recognized as the same animals I had seen at 
my first visit. Many of- the animals were lame, and the soles of the feet 
loosened so that a knife blade could be passed between the sole and the 
foot from the heel to toe, and when they placed their weight on their 
feet, there was a sound similar to that of a man walking in boots con- 
taining water. After I made my second report to Dr. Salmon and 
Dr. Bennett, it was finally decided to slaughter the affected animals as 
there was danger of their being sold to some butcher and probably start 
infection in new places. I have personal knowledge of eight herds that 
were spared in this outbreak. The owners of six of them reported the 
unfavorable conditions and it was necessary to slaughter some of the 
animals in each of these herds in order to prevent the further spread 
of the disease. Later in the spring an owner of one herd that had been 
spared came to Boston and reported that he had been a "fool" in not 
reporting his herd and having them slaughtered, as it had been found 
necessary for him to sell seventy (70%) per cent of them to the butcher 
in the spring, as their usefulness for dairy purposes had been impaired 
by the disease so that they were no longer profitable. 

All in all, it appears that our present methods of strict State and 
Federal quarantine, the slaughter of infected and exposed animals and 
the prompt and thorough cleaning and disinfection of infected premises 
is the most sane and economical method of handling the disease, if we 
seek to eradicate it. 



33 

QUESTIONS TO Mlf. [lOUCK. 

Q. Do you know where this disease originated? 

A. It is supposed to have started in Michigan. The source of the 
disease is unknown today. There have been several clues, but we have 
been unable to trace it to any definite source. 

Q. Do you know where the Illinois people got it? 

A. We presume it came from tlic outbreak in Michigan or Indiana. 

Q. What percentage of the dairy herds in Chicago had the disease? 

A. I think practically 100 per cent. 

Q. In the New England cases cited by you, were those conditions 
from the first attack, or from a recurrent attack ? 

A. Those conditions were from the original attack. They are condi- 
tions that follow the first attack. The period of immunity lasts as low 
as 12 days up to five or six years in some animals. That is one reason 
there are enough of those animals that are susceptible to in a short time 
keep the disease smouldering in a community, and others gradually 
become susceptible. 

Q. The disease is recurrent in its nature? 

A. Yes, the disease is recurrent in its nature. 

Q. A herd may be attacked the second time? 

A. We have two instances in Michigan where the disease appeared 
in the herd four weeks after the first attack. 

Q. In all attacks in this country has slaughter been resorted to? 

A. I was talking to Dr. Moore on that subject and he can perhaps 
give you better data on that than I. 

Dr. Moore: In the first outbreak which occurred in 1870 slaughter 
was not resorted to, but we had a very different condition then from 
now. The herds were widely scattered. It occurred in the fall and there 
was a severe winter, according to Dr. Law's reports. The herds were far 
apart and there was little intercourse between them during this long 
winter. We had some five or six months of it and then the disease died 
out. In the second outbreak of 1880, between 1880 and '83, there were 
several places where animals were imported into this country and the 
herds into which they were introduced, largely in New York and New 
England, developed this disease. They were isolated and whatever 
animals died, died, and that was the end of it. The third outbreak 
occurred at Portland, Me., and that was due to the introduction of 
animals suffering from the foot and mouth disease on ship board. They 
were apparently well when they landed, and were driven to quarantine 
which had been established the year before, and cattle which were driven 
over those roads they went on, developed the disease. Those cattle were 
all slaughtered, and that was the end of that. The next outbreak is the 
one you have been told about — the one in Massachusetts. 

Q. This last antbreak broke out in Niles, Mich.? 

A. Yes. 

Q. Was there any attempt made to get at the source of the trouble 
as to where it came from? 

A. We have made some inquiries to date, but have been unable to 
find any clue that seems positive, 

—3 PM 



34. 

Q. I understand there is a tannery down there and that some of the 
hides were infected. Is this information correct? 

A. That is one of the things that is drawn to our attention, hut look 
at the great numher of tanneries all over the country where they have 
been doing the same thing, bringing hides in from different parts of 
the world and we have not had an outbreak. Of course, there is a 
bare possibilit}', but nothing definite. It does not seem very probable. 1 

Q. Are there being anv cattle imported in this section ? 

A. No. 

Q. Have you any suggestions for quarantine or suggestions regard- 
ing inspection after the disease is discovered? 

A. The quarantine, of course, as Dr. Moore pointed out, is the first 
step in fighting the disease ; then the slaughter, then disinfection. That 
ifi the policy that has been followed by all countries adopting the slaugh- 
ter method. 

Q. In this case at Niles, Mich., there was a newspaper report which 
went over the country to the efl'eet that these hides that were imported 
came in bales, and that the bales were wrapped in straw and they laid 
around a couple of weeks before they were ready to put them into the 
vats, and they were then unbaled and the straw taken out and thrown 
over a wall. A couple of dairy farmers came in and bought the straw 
for bedding and took it away, and it was in those herds that the disease 
broke out? 

A. I haven't heard that — the story has been twisted in various 
forms — but all we can say to date is that we do not know the source of 
this outbreak. 

Q. What was the later history of the balance of the Martin herd 
which was not slaughtered — the one you spoke of near Boston? 

A. I cannot tell you. I left there in April. I don't know if Mr. 
Bennett has any later information in regard to that herd or not. 

Mr. Bennett : I went away soon after you did. We have no record. 

Q. May I ask how many recurrent attacks an animal may have? 

A. Well, I read in one veterinary work where the same cow went 
through the disease three times in one year, and by the time they get 
through it three times, there is not much left of them. 

Q. May I ask Dr. Moore in regard to that? How many recurrent 
attacks mav an animal have ? Have vou any statistics or data in relation 
to that? 

A. I am sorry to say I have nothing except the statement that was 
made of a certain animal going through the disease three times in one 
year. In connection with the hides carrying the disease into this country, 
I would say that the hides are disinfected before they are brought into 
this country, and extra precautions are taken, because it is expected that 
the disease may have been imported through the hides, and precaution is 
taken in regard to their disinfection. 

Q. What about the source of the trouble in Montana ? 

A. From the Chicago Yards. 

Q. In what month? 

A. October 26th. 

Q. You were in charge of the work in Indiana arid Michigan, I 
believe, I assume in Ipdiana, the same as in this State, there was some 



35 

territory known as •'clused area"' and othcis known as "quarantined 
area." 

A. Yes, sir. 

Q. The open or Tree area in Indiana — where there was no disease 
and no infection — was the shipment between uninfected and uuquaran- 
tined points, the shipment of {)ure bred stock, stopped entirely? 

A. It was. 

Q. What is your notion, Doctor, in territory that is widely removed 
from any infected territory, for instance, regarding the movement of 
hogs for breeding purposes, between uninfected points? I am asking for 
my own information. 

A. You say, what is the danger? 

Q. Yes. 

A. In the first place, there are very few states that would accept 
those shipments. 

Q. I mean within the State. 

A. Within the State? Simply the danger of carrying the infection 
from one point to another. After we have a quarantine established 
in, a certain area and have time to get the disease curbed, I think the 
only way is to kill the diseased herd and get them under the ground and 
the place cleaned up and disinfected. Then we make a house to house 
inspection of all the animals around there within a radius of probably 
three to five miles ; that is called the closed area. Now, then, from that 
section we are not supposed, under our regulations, to allow anything 
to be removed for the first 30 days. For 30 days after the inspection, 
nothing is allowed to go into or without this radius of from three to five 
miles without inspection and certification so that we have 60 days inter- 
vening between the time that the place is disinfected and the time that 
the territory is free. 

Q. Doctor, take territory where there has not been any disease. 
For instance, Franklin County of this State. There has been no disease 
over in Jefferson County. Would there be any reasonable excuse for 
preventing the shipping of pure bred hogs from one of those counties 
to the other? 

A. Franklin County has been entirely released from quarantine, 

Q. I only used this simply for an illustration. 

A. There is nothing to prevent it. 

Q. The counties that are far removed from the infection, for 
instance several counties removed, there is no reason. Doctor, in your 
mind why those and adjoining counties that are also far removed should 
be prohibited from making shipments of live stock for breeding purposes, 
is there? 

A. Dr. Bennett is familiar witli this territory. The territory is 
released as soon as it is considered safe. Dr. Bennett knows of the 
specific instances in this territory. 

Q. The reason I ask is, that express companies refuse to transport 
cattle or hogs for breeding purposes from uninfected points that are far 
removed from the quarantine area. I was trying to get at the reason 
why they would not. 

A. I do not see any reason. I would like to say this : The mor- 
tality in a regular outbreak is not necessarily so very large. As I stated 
awhile ago, that was not the worst part of the disease ; it is the secondary 



36 . 

conditions that follow. Further than that, if you allow the disease to 
exist you have that loss to go through every year. In the outbreak of 
1902, it cost about $300,000 to eradicate it, and in the outbreak of 1908 it 
cost about the same. Therefore, we have the same intervening period 
of six years between each outbreak, which amounts to about $50,000 
a year that it costs to keep free of the foot and mouth disease. What 
would it cost if the disease had been allowed to go on ? 

Q. How soon after the animal has had the disease and is pronounced 
cured is he liable to take the disease over again? 

A. We have specific instances on record of twelve days, and I have 
seen them in four weeks. There is no cure. There is no medicinal 
treatment. The treatment is too expensive, and further than that it 
does not give immunity for a period of more than two months. 

Q. Who looks after and sees that this quarantine is kept? 

A. The State authorities establish a quarantine embracing a suffi- 
cient area. For instance, if you had a township that was infected, 
they would quarantine that township and the surroundings and hold 
them under State regulation. They would send out their constables into 
each township and patrol the township and explain to the people the 
requirements of quarantine. 

Q. Who enforced it in Michigan ? 

A. The State authorities. 

Q. Wasn't this done by your county sheriffs? 

A. They acted under the instructions of the State authorities. 

Q. Dr. Moore, are there any authorities who have a different theory 
than slaughtering? If so, who are they? 

A. You mean for the eradification and control, for the handling of 
the disease ? I suppose there might be those who feel that if you should 
quarantine sufficiently tight to hold the germ inside the territory until ■ 
it died, that that would be a way of handling it. Most of the European 
people followed that method until they found it was not effective, as I 
tried to point out. They now recommend the more strenuous measure 
of slaughter. 

Q. Are there any instances of any herds that you can point out 
that have been quarantined and been successfully treated and the dis- 
ease conquered? The reason I ask that question is that within the last 
day or two the Chicago press has been printing articles to the effect 
that the farmers in certain parts of the State are objecting to the 
slaughter of cattle and claim it can be met and conquered in another 
way than by slaughtering. Is there anything in this position, or are 
they mistaken? 

A. I do not think their position is well taken. Undoubtedly you 
could pick out here and there small herds, if they were quarantined, and 
not in severe form, where perchance the after effects would not develop. 
I do not doubt but that there are places where that would work, just as 
an outbreak of smallpox. Undoubtedly a great many individuals would 
recover after a sufficient length of time, but you don't know which 
individual is going to recover. 

Q. Has the British Government changed its course? 

A. In the last outbreaks the British Government has been slaughter- 
ing. I suppose there may be some who would say they could quarantine 



37 

and control this disease just as there are people who say it can be 
treated. 

Q. I want to know whollKr or not there'are any recognized scientists 
who take the other side oi' the argument and say slaughter is unneces- 
sary? 

A. I do not know any of that kind. 

Q. Has the quarantine idea ever been successful where it has been 
tried ? 

A. No, sir; not that 1 know of. 

Q. Now, if this is an assured fact from a veterinarian standpoint, 
as vaccination is for the prevention of smallpox, then that is the only 
thing to do, and if there is no other recognized branch of the school 
which has a better remedy to offer than this, then we can take this as 
a fair representation, and no man who does not hear this discussion 
before this body can later on say that only one branch of the school 
was heard before the Legislature? 

A. I tried in my remarks to point out that this thing had come up 
in Europe — had gradually crowded in — and they tried to cure it by 
quarantine; and then in 1899 at the International Congress at Baden 
Baden, these men who had been making a study of the disease, men who 
had it at heart, were unanimous in the opinion that this method was 
not effective, as was shown by the enormous arid heavy losses of 1891, 
w^here the Germans lost $25,000,000, and, as Prof. Bang says, "In 1911 
she is going to lose more." I do not think we can take this as a guidance 
to be followed, anyway. Every one, except the ignorant, who is 
acquainted with the handling and history of infectious diseases, knows 
that every outbreak is not as severe and serious as every other outbreak. 
They run in cycles, and the policy, as the doctor has pointed out, is 
that we do not want another epidemic of this disease. We don't want 
another disease that is going to cost millions and millions of loss every 
year. We want to get rid of it. It is the policy of the Government and 
of every state to get rid of it. 

Q. Does Dr. James Law take a pronounced stand against slaughter 
and quarantine? 

A. I think the doctor has got to the point where he looks back to 
his boyhood days, when everybody in his home tow'n had the foot and 
mouth disease among their cattle sometime during the year, sometimes 
twice a year, and perhaps he feels — I cannot analyze his reasoning — that 
it might be better to take a loss of twenty-five, fifty or a hundred million 
dollars a year, as a consequence, than to sacrifice certain animals. 

Q. The gentleman from Illinois stated that after the cattle were 
disinfected, wnthin a day or two he considered the disinfected process 
perfected, and the danger of the disease removed. The gentleman from 
Michigan said the hides that were shipped in here had been disinfected, 
and consequently the danger of importing the disease had been removed. 
If those two conclusions are correct, is it not unnecessary to have the 
loss of the hides of the cattle which are being slaughtered ? Could they 
not be disinfected and utilized and by so doing several thousand dollars 
be saved to tlie State of Illinois? 

A. I think it is possible that that could be done, but the danger 
of spreading the virus, in the cleaning of these animals, and the expense 
of disinfectinsf them — T think Dr. Bennett could answer that better than 



38 

I. I have not had the experience in the slaughter work in the field to 
answer that,' but I have raised that question with several of the govern- 
ment men and they have told me that the matter was carefully con- 
sidered, but they felt the danger of getting it around, and getting the 
disease spread further, and the difficulty of disinfecting them, and the 
possibility of not disinfecting them properly, did not make it worth 
while to bother with it. 

Q. There seems to be a prevailing impression among some of the 
German farmers in my part of the country, that in Germany they treat 
this disease and treat it successfully. I would like to know for my own 
information whether or not that is true. 

A. Undoubtedly a good many people there try to treat it. 

Q. Does the government take the measure our government does? 

A. No, sir; as I have already stated, they have not done that, but 
they have stated specifically that the quarantine which they say is neces- 
sary they cannot carry out even in that government, and their losses, 
as given in their official records, are something enormous, amounting to 
way up in the millions. The gTeat loss is in the young animals and a few 
adult animals that have died, and then these secondary conditions, the 
loss of flesh, milk, etc. 

Q. Isn't it a fact that the German government, in experimenting 
with this foot and mouth disease, found it so difficult a process to 
handle that they established a quarantine station on an island in the 
North Sea and attempted to treat the animal so as to cure it. What 
were the results that were obtained from that? 

A. So far as I know they have not been at all successful. The 
danger of working with the disease as I understand it — I am not positive 
of this, but have been told — that official investigations were stopped, and 
they secured this island and then went up there to work on it. So far 
as I know they have gotten nothing out of it except serum. I am advised 
they have been able to get a process that will immunize an animal for a 
month or two. That has been the extent of their success. 

Q. It lasts about 60 days? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Gentlemen, I thank you. 



Mr. Stevenson : Gentlemen, Mr. Gregory, of Chicago, Editor of 
the Prairie Farmer, one of the foremost farm journals of this State, 
will now address you. 

G. A. Gregory, Editor Prairie Farmer, Chicago. 

Gentlemen of the Illinois Legislature: The few words I shall 
have to say will not be those of an expert on foot and mouth disease, but 
will be said simply from the standpoint of a farmer and a farm paper 
editor. 

I have studied the foot and mouth situation carefully, and in regard 
to the future policy to be pursued, it seems to me that only two courses 
are possible — to cease all attempts to control the disease, or to get rid of 
it as quickly as possible. 



39 

The impression liatl gained cuneney that tliis is not a dangerous 
disease, since the fatalities are not usually over 2 per cent. The total 
value of cattle, hogs and sheep in Illinois January 1, 1914, was $154,- 
000.000. A 2 per cent loss annually would be $3,000,000, or practically 
twice the total cost of stamping out the outbreak completely by present 
methods. If left unchecked, a disease so virulent and easily spread as 
this would soon spread all over the State, and no herd would be safe. 
Xeither would a herd be safe after it had once had the disease, since the 
immunity lasts only a short time. 

The deaths from this disease are the smallest part of the loss. Addi- 
tional losses from loss of flesh and milk, etc.. would add to this total, 
until we should face the tremendous annual losses that Germany fears 
from this disease. 

You will see that it is unthinkable that we should abandon the 
attempt to eradicate the disease. The question then remaining is, shall 
we continue with the methods now being followed, or shall we take the 
advice that certain fai'mers and others are offering, to combat the disease 
by quarantine? 

Xo other country has ever succeeded in stamping out the disease by 
quarantine, even though some of them have tried it for over two hundred 
years. Therefore an attempt to stamp out the disease in this way here 
would be an experiment, with no assurance that it would end successfully. 

If we try this method, it will mean that the present quarantines, 
perhaps doubled in severity, will be kept in force six months, a year, or 
perhaps longer. It will mean that all live stock growers in the State will 
be compelled to sell their stuff on demoralized markets for an indefinite 
time to come. It will mean that pure-bred men, many of whom have had 
their fall and winter business almost ruined, will face an indefinite 
continuation of the same conditions. 

Since November 30th. when the Chicago Stock Yards were divided 
into two. sections, $13,000,000 worth of Illinois stock has been marketed 
in quarantine division. The discount in prices in that section has been 
10, 15 or 25 cents a hundred — sometimes even more than that. The 
loss from this source alone has been probably more than half a million 
dollars. Every day that the quarantine remains in force adds to that loss. 

Can we afford to submit to these inevitable losses — to market another 
year's live stock crop on a demoralized market — in order to try out a plan 
of handling the disease that has never been successful elsewhere? 

There is another serious feature to be considered. The disease has 
been practically eradicated in other states. If we harbor the infection 
here, intercourse between Illinois and these other states, as far as live 
stock and live stock products goes, will be cut off. The action will be 
enforced by both the separate states and the Federal Government. Our 
live stock industry can hardly exist, much less prosper, with intercourse 
with other states cut off. 

Xow, what about the slaughter method ? It seems very severe. It 
is a terrible thing to go onto a man's farm and destroy a herd that he 
has been years in building up. It is hard to explain to a man who has 
given the matter no thought the necessity for such action, especially in 
view of the fact that most of the animals would recover if left alone. 



4ft 

But I believe all persons who have seriously considered the matter 
are agreed that we must extei-minate the disease, and that as quickly as 
possible. The slaughter method, severe as it is, is the only sure way of 
doing this. It is the only way that offers any promise of success. The 
expense is heavy, but it is the cheapest way out of a serious situation. 

This method has eradicated the disease in previous outbreaks in 
the United States. It has succeeded in most of the 18 states that were 
infected in this outbreak. Success is in sight in Illinois. Out of the 53 
counties originally infected, the disease remains in only 12, and in serious 
form in only three. 

We have killed a million and a quarter dollars worth of stock in our 
attempt to conquer the disease by this method. We have been 90 per cent 
successful. It would be the height of folly now to reverse this policy. I 
am very sorry that the present controversy has arisen. I am sorry that 
injunction proceedings have been allowed to delay the work of stamping 
out the disease. Every, day's delay adds greatly to the loss. 

Undoubtedly many mistakes have been made by government and 
state officials. There has been delay in slaughtering, and longer delay 
in cleaning up premises after slaughter. Not all the inspectors sent out 
have had the necessary diplomacy to get on well with the farmers. Some 
of them have gone out like a bull into a china shop, and have aroused 
opposition wherever they went. 

But this is no time to discuss mistakes, to air personal grievances, 
or to quarrel among ourselves. 

There is only one thing to do, and that is to get together, continue 
with the slaughter polic;f, and get rid of the disease as quickly as possible. 
When that is done we can spend all the time necessary in fixing respon- 
sibility for mistakes. But let's get the disease eradicated first. 

Perhaps the principal difficulty in getting many farmers to agree 
to have their animals slaughtered is the fact that no money is available 
for compensation. It is a hard thing to slaughter a farmer's stock and 
leave him nothing but an appraisal statement, which has no bankable 
value. I am sure that this fact is appreciated by Governor Dunne and 
by the members of the Illinois Legislature, and that a sufficient appro- 
priation will be made at the earliest possible moment. 

I hope that no effort will be spared to get rid of this serious epi- 
demic as quickly as possible. 

I wish to thank you for this opportunity of presenting this matter 
for your consideration. 



QUESTION TO ME. GREGOEY. 

Q. Doctor, in this injunction suit in Kane County. Since that 
injunction was brought, it has been disseminated through the news- 
papers that an investigation has been made of the herd at Geneva, and 
it is found they did not have the foot and mouth disease. Do you know 
anything about whether that is true, or not ? 

A. It is true that the herd at the Girl's Home did not have the 
foot and mouth disease, and I am informed by the State and Federal 
authorities that that herd has never been reported as having the disease. 



41 

It was quarantined on suspicion only, to make sure, and when the second 
inspection was made it was found it did not have the disease. 

Q. If that is true, then that injunction suit cannot be considered 
as opposition to the course adopted by the administration? 

Governor Dunne: The bill does not charge that there was any 
mistake in diagnosis. The bill does charge that this herd was infected 
with foot and mouth disease and ordered killed. As a matter of fact 
it was not ordered killed. The first diagnosis was that it was foot and 
mouth disease. 

Mr. Gregory: The bill admits that. 

Governor Dunne: The bill alleges that we were killing animals 
affected with the foot and mouth disease. 

Mr. Gregory : I understand that. 

Q. Now Mr. Gregory, with reference to the quarantined section of 
the Stock Yards, why are quarantined sections maintained in the Stock 
Yards and also a free market? 

A. Quite a large percentage of the stock that goes into Chicago is 
not slaughtered there, but is bought by Eastern shippers. The Stock 
Yards felt it was not safe to allow stock to come into the quarantined 
area and then go out again. It has been permitted to go into the quaran- 
tined section, but has to be killed within 36 hours. In the open section 
the shippers compete on the market, making the price higher. 

Q. Do we understand that cattle are allowed to be shipped into 
Chicago and shipped out again ? 

A. From the free section they are allowed to be shipped out to 
Eastern slaughter houses, but not to farmers. 

Q. There is danger of infection, isnH there? 

A. It is felt that going into the Stock Yards under inspection from 
non-quarantined territory of the United States, and going out under 
inspection, that there is not much danger, and there have been no cases 
of the disease being spread, so far as known. 

Q. Is it not practical then to permit these cattle to be shipped to 
different farms. They allow the disease to be spread by the germs in 
the course of shipment. The Illinois farmers have the impression that 
the Stock Yards Company and the packers, have a little bit to do with 
this quarantine section, in order to affect the price, so they may get 
cattle cheaper. 

A. I could not say as to that. I haven't any information. 

Q. That is the impression throughout the State among the farmers. 

Governor Dunne : Have you anv evidence as to that ? 

A. No. 

Governor Dunne: Have you ever heard of it? 

A. No, except that he states that is the opinion held by some 
people. 

Q. Do you know of any foundation for that suspicion ? 

A. No foundation, except that the packers do benefit by it. 

Q. Then the packers do keep the price down? 

A. Naturally, if somebody had a cow to sell and you were the only 
buyer, you would pay what you wanted. 

Q. The complaint has been made to me by numerous shippers that 
their stock has gone to the yards and into the quarantine section, and 



4a 

in some eases sold for $1 per hundred under the price of the non- 
quarantined section, and I have heard men say they have seen their stock 
sold and then seen them driven from the quarantine section over to the 
non-quarantined section and sold again. I have had a complaint of that 
kind from as many as half a dozen shippers. I want to know whether 
there is any truth in it or not, and there are men here who have had 
the same complaint made to them. In fact, it is in my section of the 
State a general complaint of the shippers, and they seem to believe and 
talk very freely that the quarantine is kept merely for the purpose of 
reducing the price of their stock that goes to the yards. That is not an 
occasional rumor, but I find since I came to Springfield, in conferring 
with other gentlemen here, a very wide-spread feeling of that kind. 



Mr. Stevexsox : The papers represented by Mr. Young and Mr. 
Brown are of rather a different nature. Mr. Brown, who will follow Mr. 
Young, is the Editor of the "Drover's Journal," which deals altogether in 
stock and is the daily stock market quotation for stockmen. I think he 
will be in position to answer your question. 

Mr. Chairmen : Q. I desire in making that statement, to say that 
I know absolutely nothing about it, but that the same complaint has 
come to me from other members. 

Mr. Gregory : If that situation exists it is a very serious one and 
can only exist through collusion between packers and shippers. I think 
if anything of that kind has been done it should be sifted to the bottom. 
As I said a few moments ago, those are some of the things to take up 
when we get the disease eradicated. 

Mr. Stevenson: Mr. H. E. Young, of Chicago, Editor of the 
Farmers' Eeview, which makes a specialty of live stock matters, will 
address you. 

H. E. Young, Editor of the ''Farmers' Eeview," Chicago. 

Mr. Secretary, Members of the Illinois General Assembly: 

My only excuse in appearing before you at this time is my interest 
in the protection and perpetuation of the live stock industry of Illinois — 
an industry which must be recognized as basic and fundamental in all 
agricultural prosperity. The live stock interests of Illinois are up 
against the biggest problem they have ever faced. Conditions were never 
as serious as now and never has there been greater need for sane, safe, 
sound, conservative deliberation on the part of this Legislative Assem- 
bly. The primary question is whether or not the State- of Illinois is 
going to uphold the work of the State and Federal authorities and 
cooperate with them in providing for this State a clean bill of helath 
for its live stock. The question is on the justification of the work of the 
State and Federal officials in completely eradicating foot and mouth 
disease in this State. These officials are men who ought to know what 
is best in this case. I believe they do know. I believe that you believe 
they know. They are convinced that the only way to meet the situation 
is by immediate slaughter of all infected animals, rigid quarantine, and 



43 

thoroup:h disinfecting of all premises. Until it has been demonstrated 
that there is a bettor way, it is the part of wisdom to give them every 
support in their work. Unless this is done, it means the existence of a 
permanent menace to the live stock business, which would necessarily 
result in perpetual paralysis of practically our whole live stock industry 
so far as profitable business is concerned. 

Others who have preceded me have dealt with various phases of this 
problem, especially tiie scientific side. I submit that it has been conclu- 
sively shown by the eminent authorities whom you have already heard 
that the only way to successfully meet present conditions is by the 
slaughter method, and that the quarantine method, which has been sug- 
gested by those opposed to the work of the government authorities, is 
absolutely inadequate and ill-advisod in this State and country at this 
time. 

I want to particularly call your attention to and emphasize the 
fact that practically all of the other states in which the disease has 
occurred have gone ahead and cleaned up. The trouble is practically 
under control and to all practical purposes eliminated in all of the states 
where disease outbreaks have occurred, with the exception of Illinois. 
Naturally these other states are looking to Illinois to do Ifkewise. They 
expect it, and I may say are amply justified in this position. It must 
be expected that they will demand that Illinois go ahead and successfully 
eradicate all foot and mouth disease. It is the logical and reasonable 
position for them to take in behalf of the live stock interests in their 
respective states. To better illustrate this attitude, which other states 
are bound to take, and to emphasize the point I wish to make, I want 
to mention a letter which I have recently received from the president 
of the Live Stock Breeders' Association of Pennsylvania. He says: 

"Down this way we are getting scared at your State's failure 
to handle foot and mouth disease effectively. I note the protests 
from banks, congressmen, and farmers against wiping it out, 
demanding that cattle be kept. If that is done, our State, which 
now has control of the disease, after killing about 16,000 animals, 
will quarantine against anything from Illinois. So will other states 
which have had the nerve to go ahead and clean up. There is no 
doubt about such action in case Illinois does not wipe it out. 
"We are not going to spend a million dollars to get a clean bill of 
health for our live stock and have it all spoiled by the monkey 
business of your State oflRcials and others out there." 

This letter simply shows the attitude which is going to be taken by 
other states in reference to the situation in Illinois. It' is a fair state- 
ment of how live stock men and live stock interests of other states view 
the present serious condition existing in Illinois. It shows not only the 
dire necessity of an immediate and thorough eradication of the disease 
in this State, but also the magnitude of our responsibility in properly 
and efTectively meeting those conditions. The procedure in Illinois is 
not alone going to affect the live stock industry of this State, but the 
live stock business of the entire country. Unless the disease is immediately 
stamped out. Illinois will very soon be isolated by quarantine. I do not 
have to suggest what such a disastrous situation would mean to the live 
stock industry of this State and the entire countn,'. 



H 

In conclusion I want to say that thinking farmers of this State are 
in favor of supporting the heroic measures adopted by the State and 
Federal authorities in their effort to eradicate foot and mouth disease. 
The great mass of thinking farmers of Illinois is ready to stand behind 
these officials in providing a clean bill of health for Illinois live stock. 
They realize and appreciate the importance of an immediate and thorough 
clean-up of the disease and what it means to them and the great industry 
which they represent. I speak advisedly on this point, because of the 
fact that I am in particularly close touch with the live stock and agri- 
cultural interests of Illinois. The Farmers' Eeview has vigorously and 
persistently supported the State and Federal officials in their efforts to 
effectively stamp out this disease. This stand has been taken because 
we are convinced that it is the only right stand to take and I can assure 
you of our continuance in this stand. 

In behalf of the farmers and live stock men of Illinois, whom I 
have the honor to represent, I would respectfully urge your serious 
attention and consideration of this great problem, looking toward the 
State's cooperation with government officials in the work which is being 
done. Particularly would I urge your most serious and favorable con- 
sideration of immediately and adequately meeting the necessary appro- 
priation which must be made by the General Assembly to take care of 
the State's share in the settlement of all just claims for the slaughter 
of animals in completely eradicating this disease in Illinois. 

I thank you. 



Mr. Stevenson : Gentlemen, I would like to call your attention to 
the fact that after the next speaker addresses you, including a telegram 
read by the Governor, from Mr. Goodwin, that you will then have heard 
from the editors of four of the principal farm journals of the State of 
Illinois, all of them unqualifiedly upholding the attitude of the Federal 
and State government. We now have Mr. J. E. Brown, editor of the 
Farmers and Drovers Journal, the largest daily live stock journal in the 
world, making a specialty of live stock quotations, etc. 

J. E. Brown^ Editor "Farmers' and Drovers' Journal," Chicago. 

Mr. Brown : My views on the foot and mouth disease and the neces- 
sity of eradication, rather than temporizing with it, were expressed 
clearly and concisely in the paper which I represent, the Farmers and 
Drovers Journal of Chicago, last Friday, a marked copy of which we 
sent to each member of the House and Senate, and which I sincerely 
hope that you read, since this is a situation more serious than has con- 
fronted almost any industry in the history of this State. 

The gentlemen who have preceded me pointed out to you their 
views, formed as professional men, upon the proper means of handling 
this situation. It would be presumptious on my part to attempt to 
elaborate upon any of the points they brought out. 

I merely wish to say that I have been "on the firing line" since the 
start of this battle; I have been at the field headquarters of both the 
State and Federal bureaus which have been directing the eradication 



46 

campaign and have had opportunity to watch the work of these bodies 
and, as well, have had my finger on the pulse of public opinion, or at 
least that portion of the public most vitally interested, the live stock 
grower. 

I have had dozens of letters from producers, some complaining 
strongly that the eradication process was too severe. "Temporize with 
this disease," they urged. "Let us demonstrate that we can save our 
cattle." Gentlemen, such arguments come alone from the laity, and in 
clinic the layman is usually supposed to be the subject for operation. 
He places his confidence in the ability of men who have spent a lifetime 
studying ailments such as afflicts him. Now, let the farmers of Illinois 
impose like confidence in the men who are conducting this campaign of 
disease eradication. There isn't one of them who would destroy a steer 
if he concientiously believed it could be allowed to live and not become 
a menace to the health of other animals in nearby territory. 

Veterinary science has fought foot and mouth disease for genera- 
tions in Europe and has as yet found no effective means of stamping it 
out other than the slaughter and burial of the carcasses. We hire a 
physician to treat us when we are ill because we believe he knows more 
of the nature of our ailment and the curative measures necessary than 
we do. 

I believe the veterinary scientists are on the right track. They have 
demonstrated it thus far in the- campaign, since they have cleaned up 
nearly all other states affected, and Illinois, which had 46 per cent of 
the total number of outbreaks in this country, now has above ground 
only 8 per cent of its cases. 

Viewed purely from an economic standpoint, the slaughter of in- 
fected and exposed herds must go on, and from the same economic stand- 
point, as affects agriculture in Illinois, this body must speedily make 
appropriation of an adequate amount of money to fully reimburse the 
farmer for one-half of his loss, the balance to be paid by the Federal 
Government, in accordance with its established custom. 

In the Chicago Farmers and Breeders Journal of yesterday there 
was a statement giving the views of the Chicago Live Stock Exchange, 
which clears for the farmers of Illinois and surrounding territory more 
live stock than any other journal in the world. They sold last year 
$375,000,000 worth of live stock on the Chicago market. I will read it : 
"The Chicago Live Stock Exchange, through its committee han- 
dling the foot and mouth disease quarantine matters, today made 
clear its position relative to the quarantine in Illinois, and the 
necessity of prompt legislative action for the reimbursement of 
owners of live stock which has been slaughtered thus far in the 
State and Federal campaign of disease eradication. 

"Here are the cardinal points in the disease eradication cam- 
paign to which the Chicago Live Stock Exchange gives its strong 
endorsement : 

"The action of the Federal inspectors in their work in Illinois 
and other states is heartily endorsed. The Exchange believes that 
speedy destruction of infected and exposed herds is absolutely neces- 
sary if the live stock industry of this country is to avoid fighting 
the foot and mouth disease— the scourge of Europe — indefinitely, 
and to conserve the value of investments in live stock. 



46 

"It maintains that the State of Illinois and the Federal Gov- 
ernment must pay every man who owns an animal that has been 
slaughtered the appraised value of his animal; the State and Fed- 
eral Government to share alike in this expense, and other states to 
share with the Government the losses in their respective states. 

"These payments must be made as soon as possible, and the Live 
Stock Exchange urges prompt action by Congress in making provi- 
sion for the Bureau of Animal Industry funds for this purpose, and 
as well the State of Illinois and all other states whose farmers have 
suffered losses. 

"The foot and mouth scourge is one which affects indirectly 
all the people. Its continuance, through temporizing with it, would 
lead to a much more severe shortage of live stock in this country. 

"The Live Stock Exchange nrgently requests the state legisla- 
tures to make these appropriations as speedily as possible and feels 
that there can be no reasonable opposition to such appropriations on 
the part of the public and tax payers generally, 

"In handling the foot and m£>uth disease among live stock it is 
a more humane, as well as economical, process, to slaughter every 
animal infected or exposed — clean up once for all and let the Federal 
and State Governments come forward and stand the expense as they 
have done previously, rather than to adopt lax methods in handling 
the situation and be forced to fight the disease indefinitely. The 
cost to the public at large will be much less, from an economical 
standpoint, if prompt destruction of the animals is continued until 
all infected or exposed herds are under ground. 

"There have been slaughtered in Illinois up to date 527 herds 
of live stock, comprising 18,000 cattle. 23,000 hogs, and 500 sheep, 
the total appraised value of which is $1,230,000. 

"Illinois has had 46 per cent of the cases in this epidemic that 
a few weeks ago affected 16 states, and all but 8 per cent of the 
Illinois herds infected or exposed have been slaughtered. 

"It is the contention of the Chicago Live Stock Exchange that 
to temporize with this 8 per cent of cases would mean quick spread- 
ing of this disease over this State and possible re-infection in other 
states. 

"Illinois cannot afford a Federal quarantine. It would mean 
practical isolation of the live stock industry in this State and terrific 
losses to stockmen. The alternative is speedy eradication of the 
remaining cases of infection and a display on part of Illinois inspec- 
tors and the live stock owners in this State of hearty cooperation in 
establishing and maintaining county quarantine lines, and observ- 
ance down to the minutest detail, of the quarantine regulations 
which must necessarily be imposed. 

"This action would mean a dwindling of supplies in the 'quar- 
antine area' of the Chicago Stock Yards, since live stock from 55 
counties' which have been infected or exposed would shortly be 
released by Federal action for marketing in the free section of the 
yards. 

"The Chicago Live Stock Exchange declares that the establish- 
ment of the quarantine yards, November 30th last, and the continu- 



4t 

ance of the diijil maikot sysli'in Iktc since (hat time was au ahsolute 

necessity." 

It afrorded an oittK't lor ai>i»iu.\iiiialely T-^JSI* car loads of live 
stock from Xo\xnnher oOtli until January 15th, inclusive, and the value 
ol' that live stock sold was approximately $20,G00,UUU. In the quarantine 
division, out of a total of 1.054,000 head of live stock, Gir),(iOO came 
from Illinois. There were Tl,789 head of cattle, average weight 1,020 
pounds; average price 8 cents; the per head value was $81.81, and the 
aggregate value was $5,878,083. There were 3,627 calves, average weight 
154 pounds; average price per pound 9 cents; per head value $13.86; 
total $50,893. There were 443,676 hogs, average weight 224 pounds; 
average price 7 cents; per head value $15.68; total value $6,956,839. 
There were 96,526 sheep with a gross value of $554,059. 

The average prices of the stock were computed by experts at Chicago 
and these, with a total weight of the stock passing over the scales, enabled 
the statisticians to determine the approximate value of the stock sold in 
the quarantined division. 

"The Fedei'al regulations provided that stock from infected areas 
could not be shipped interstate, but the Illinois Board of Live Stock 
Commissioners permitted it to be moved in this State for immediate 
slaughter. 

"Thus the live stock owner had the option of retaining his stock at 
home and taking chances of it becoming infected or selling for local 
and immediate slaughter, 

"That the quarantine price discounts on a portion of the stock have 
at times been severe is not disputed, but this was a situation not of the 
sellers' creation. It was the condition they had to face because of the 
elimination of the shipping competition and by reason of the big supplies 
which came into the quarantined division. 

"Had there been no quarantine and free area divisions there would, 
of necessity, owing to the Federal quarantine regulation, have been but 
one area and that a quarantine area, because of the refusal of the Federal 
Government to permit stock from infected areas to go into interstate 
traflfic, and thus, with the shipping outlet closed to all live stock in the 
Chicago market, the prices would necessarily have been much lower than 
has been the case either in the free area or the quarantined division 
under the dual market system. 

"These points should be carefully weighed in the minds of the live 
stock grower and shipper. A crisis arose at market as it did in the 
productive territory, one that required the best efforts of all interests 
to be put forth in handling the situation in a time of stress that, for- 
tunately, now gives promise of soon being remedied, provided there is 
shown by all live stock interests that spirit of hearty cooperation to 'clean 
up,' which good business sense demands must be put forth." 

Gentlemen, I thank you. 



QUESTIONS ASKED OF AND ANSWERS BY MR. BROWN. 

Q. It has been rumored around that there have been cases where 
the farmers have taken their cattle and they have been put in the quaran- 



48 

• 

tined section of the yards and sold, in some cases as low as a dollar under 
the regular price paid for them in the non-quarantined section of the 
yards, and that from there they have seen their stock driven to the non- 
quarantine section of the yard and sold again. 

A. That would be practically impossible unless the United States 
Government is becoming lax in its methods and must have a man who 
falls asleep at the gates. 

When the proposition was put up to them they decided to put up 
a fence 14 feet high from the easterly to the westerly side of the yards 
in the section known as "Main Alley." They have a gate there, and also 
put up a temporary office and fumigating plant, and in that office and 
at that gate, day and night there is stationed a representative of the 
United States Bureau of Animal Industry with police power, and a 
policeman from the stock yards with police power, and no animal can 
get in or out of one of these sections while these men are at the gate, and 
I haven't seen any of those animals that are able to jump a 14-foot fence 
from one yard to the other. I believe that whoever made that assertion 
was not at all familiar with the conditions in the stock yards or else he 
made it for the purpose of creating political capital. 

Q. I would like to ask, I have heard the testimony of the various 
experts here and it has been said that this disease can jump a number of 
miles. There is nothing to prevent birds from flying from one part of 
those yards to the other, is there? 

A. No, sir. 

Q. The disease can be spread from the affected cattle then to those 
that are not affected ? 

A. Dr. Bennett has declared to me that not one single case has been 
found in the free section of the yards. 

Q. These cattle could be shipped out from the free markets to 
foreign countries. They may become infected and carry the disease 
to a foreign country if the statement made by these experts is true. 

A. To the best knowledge of the Federal inspectors there has not 
been one single case of the disease transported from the free area of 
the yards. 

Q. Now, these cattle arriving in the morning or during the night; 
when are they unloaded in the quarantine section? 

A. In bright daylight; they are not permitted to be taken out of 
the cars at night. 

Q. When are they slaughtered? 

A. They are slaughtered in the daytime. 

Q. It has been claimed that sometimes they are not unloaded until 
night in the quarantine section. 

A. No, the cattle are unloaded in the daytime. 

Q. Are they all killed within 30 hours? 

A. No, sir; they have not been all killed within 30 hours; that 
regulation has not been strictly complied with. 

Q. I want to get some idea relative to the difference in price in the 
quarantined and free areas. You are the editor and manager of the 
Breeders' Journal and your paper publishes each day the market quota- 



49 

tious of the sales of live stock in the Union Stock Yards. How do you 
secure those quotations? 

A. Through personal investigation and acquaintance with probably 
90 per cent of the buyers and sellers on the market and through a limited 
knowledgp of live stock values and qualities that 1 myself possess. 

Q. Your chief source of information is from the commission men 
and buyers? 

A. Y''eS;, sir. 

Q. Is it true that the quotations in your publication show a less 
market value for the great majority of the stock received in the yards 
in the quarantined area, as compared with the free area? 
. A. Yes, sir. It is. 

Q. About what per cent on the cattle and hogs? 

A. We don't figure per cent in values in Chicago. We figure a cer- 
tain price — 10 or 15 cents, for instance, per pound. In the general run 
of selling in the quarantined division of the yards your cattle values 
vary anywhere from 10 to at times as much as 50 cents on the hundred. 

Q. In the two areas? 

A. It depends on qualities and weights and the prime heavy cattle 
suffer the most. The reason of that is this : The greater demand for the 
prime heavy cattle from Chicago comes from New York and also some 
'Tiosher" trade of a local character. When they are in the quarantined 
section they have to be slaughtered before they are shipped out of 
Chicago, which makes them unfit for this "kosher" trade. It must be 
slaughtered in New York, the slaughtering to be done by a rabbi. 

Q. Would you care to express your judgment before this body as to 
the cause of or the reason for the less value of live stock in the quaran- 
tined area as compared with the free area? 

A. My personal opinion as to the reason of it is this : In the quar- 
antined area the demand is limited to the Chicago packers — I mean the 
four large packers in the yards — and a limited number of the smaller 
packers whose houses are on the outlying districts of the yards. The 
four large packers have the only facilities for driving direct over the 
chutes from the quarantined area into their packing houses, while the 
outlying houses are compelled to take the free stock from the storage 
yards to their slaughter houses under various conditions. To a great 
extent the demand in the quarantined section was by a limited number 
of buyers and. as a rule, they had a big supnlv. The law of supply and 
demand governs here the same as it always does when there is greater 
competition and a lesser supply. 

Q. Y^ou are in touch with the live stock interests throughout the 
State, both from your correspondence and from your own personal 
observation, and I would like to know what would be your conclusions as 
to the lifting of the quarantine in the counties that are now free of the 
disease? 

A. There have been 63 counties in Illinois under quarantine at one 
time. Dr. Bennett informs me that there are 51 of those counties now 
absolutelv free from the disease as far as is known, and they have been 
cleaned and disinfected for periods rangins" from two to four weeks. It 
is the belief of a great number of people in the stock yards in Chicago 

— 4 F M 



50 

that if the State Board of Live Stock Commissioners sliould place abso- 
lute quarantine on the places where the disease is now known to exist 
that the government would very readily release foi> interstate shipment 
that portion of the State now free as soon as they could make a house to 
house inspection. Dr. Bennet said this noon that if the quarantine were 
placed on twelve counties absolutely, that within two weeks he would be 
able to recommend to Washington that the greater number of the entire 
number of these counties now free of the disease could be released for 
interstate shipments. 



61 



Herds Slaughtered Within the State of Iixinois on Account of Foot and 
Mouth DisejVse and Appraised Value. 

January 22. 1915. 



Name. 



Adams County— 
W. H. Oiler.... 
C. W.Wright.. 



Total. 



Boone County— 

Thos. Hanson 

Clarence Johnson. 



Total. 



Bureau County— 

J. W. Andris 

F. E. Beatty 

George Billhorn. . 

W. E. Burns 

W. O'Brien 

Joe F^lberg 

A. Field 

Clifford Hopps... 
Alfred Johnson. . . 

W. H. Neill 

Horace Prior 

Henry Showalter. 
Wm. A. Stablen.. 
W. S. Stratton... 
Chas. Williams... 



Total. 



Carroll County- 
Fred Allanson 

AUanson & Elliott 

H. Bolinper 

Edward Carbaugh 

Chisholm & Rahn 

Walter Collins 

Simon Fisher 

Andrew Frey 

Frey & Bolinger 

Goerge G. Geary 

Joseph Grim 

Poerter Heth 

E. Kloepping 

James C. Lenhart 

Harry Martin 

D. S. Moll 

M0II& Nichol 

John & G. R. Morris 

Casper Orth 

John & Albert Peters 

Railing & Fletcher 

Albert Schriner 

Charles F. Schriner 

Harve J. Schriner 

Leslie Stover 

Henry S witzer 

Stephen F. VanBrocklin.. 

Truckmiller & Warner 

Wm. Warner 

John L. Weitzel <fe Sisters. 

Miss Nancy Wilfong 

G. W. Woffenberger 

Geo. H. Zier 



Postoffice. 



Mendon. 
..do.... 



Belvidere. 
..do 



Princeton . 
LaMoille . . 
Clairon. .. 
Arlington . 

..do 

..do 

LaMoille.. 

..do 

Wyanet . . 
Arlington . 
Wyanet. . 
LaMoille.. 
Neponset. 
Princeton . 
..do 



Mt. Carroll. . . 

..do 

Lanark 

Shannon 

Chad wick 

Lanark 

Shannon 

Lanark 

Shannon 

Milledgeville. 

..do 

..do 

Lanark 

Milledgeville. 

Lanark 

Shannon 

-.do 

Lanark 

..do 

..do 

Milledgeville. 

Lanark 

Chad wick 

Chad wick 

Milledgeville. 

Lanark 

Shannon 

Shannon 

Lanark 

Mt. Carroll. . . 
Milledgeville. 

Lanark 

..do 



Cattle. 



93 



10 

2r) 
20 

17 
14 

1 

17 
14 
28 
23 
16 

2 
13 

2 
134 



336 



22 
21 
25 
10 

260 
15 
43 
23 
33 
1 
15 
29 
35 
53 
10 

127 
29 
98 
74 
631 
23 
261 
301 
10 

f 9 
25 
19 

f 11 

[13 

17 

5 

14 

26 



Hogs. 



20 



156 



110 



625 



58 



72 
311 

41 
37 
29 
20 
3 
5 



140 
65 

120 
56 
89 
38 



Sheep. 



Appraised 
value. 



$197 75 
740 00 



$ 937 75 



3, 108 54 
5,409 44 



$8,517 98 



965 20 
2, 776 62 
1,523 35 
1,347 40 
947 30 
121 48 
2,200 60 
1,882 80 

1.960 00 
2,038 71 
1,607 25 

160 00 
752 50 
185 00 

8.961 35 



$27,429 56 



2, 108 00 
1,312 50 
1,250 00 
1,371 72 
22, 212 20 
1, 1.35 00 
2,981 00 
1,298 50 
3,304 00 



628 93 

1,430 00 

2,834 00 

3, 113 63 

720 00 

6,597 00 

1,781 00 

5.311 00 

4,548 50 

4,451 00 

1.569 40 

1.300 00 

1,209 00 

897 50 

318 00 

1,532 50 

947'00 

480 00 

570 00 

1,449 00 

336 00 

760 00 

1.689 00 



53i 



HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS— Continued. 



Name. 


Postoffiee. 


Cattle. 


Hogs. 


Sheep. 


Appraised 
value. 


Carroll County— Concluded. 
J. G. Zier 


Shannon 


42 
29 


67 
14 




$2 579 00 


Charles Zuck 




7 


1 811 00 








Total 


1,285 

48 
51 
19 
30 

4 


1,435 

96 
362 

67 

316 

3 


32 


S85 385 38 


Cass County- 
Devlin Bros 




4 555 57 


Fred D. Savage & Co 


..do 




6,615 00 
1 800 00 


L. E. Stribling 


..do 




James E. Thornley 


..do 




3 900 60 


R. Viands 


..do 




285 00 










Total 


152 

41 
70 
52 


844 

13 
70 




$17, 156 17 
1,899 80 


Champaign County— 
Wm. Good 


Urbana 




Fred Menenga 


Dillsburg 




4 318 89 


Wm. Ruckman 


Philo 




2,053 82 












Total 


163 

18 
35 

7 


83 




$8 272 51 


Coles County— 
C. W. Abell 






1,160 89 


C. W. Stephenson 


..do 


58 
.8 




2 975 00 


John Tracy & Son 


..do 




'558 00 










Total ^ 


60 

616 
6 


66 




$ 4 693 89 


Cook County- 
Darlington & Co 






35, 282 22 


E. C. Separator Co 


,.do 






450 00 


Great Western Serum Co 


Chicago 


516 

8 

7 




8,009 10 
1,390 00 


Chas. Banning 




19 
22 
22 
21 
23 
29 
224 




F. W. Porep 


..do 




1,639 00 


August Renter 


..do 




1,290 00 


Aug. Renter 


Barrtngton 

Palatine 


13 

19 
20 




1, 740 00 


Louie Roper 




1,470 00 


Wm. Roper 


..do 




1,851 00 


Wheeler & Son 


Chicago 




8,612 50 












Total 


982 

19 
24 
49 
13 
31 
17 
25 
10 
31 
53 
22 
8 
6 
17 


583 
98 




$61 733 82 


DeKalb County— 
A. Anderson 






1,912 00 
1,408 97 


Peter Bastian 


Hinckley 




A. B. Byers 


Kirkland 

Hinckley 


27 
56 
96 


1 


3,092 63 
2, 040 00 


H. Delano 


Frank Gronberg 






2,973 76 


Abe Henneway 


Hinckley 




1, 175 00 


Hughes & Potter 


..do 


53 

7 
76 




2,360 75 


Lawrence Marcot 






672 50 


Medine & Drake 






2,415 00 


L. M. Olmsted & Son 


Shabbona Grove... 




5,228 23 


John F. Reding 


19 
34 
32 
91 
53 
109 


21 


1,928 12 


C. J. Reid 


DeKalb 


465 00 


Thos. Rich & John Faissler 


Kirkland 


63 
2 


1,630 38 


D. E. Streever 


Hinckley 


2, 175 00 


Wm. H. VanArsdale 


Malta 


367 50 


Mrs. Wilson & Sons 




54 




6, 436 00 










Total 


379 

73 
2 
6 
8 
4 

34 


751 

35 
4 

48 

9 

204 


87 


$36, 280 84 


DeWitt County— 
C. L. Birttin 


Waynesville 

Midland City 

Waynesville 

Clinton.. 


4,433 00 


Henry Harpster 




194 02 


Otto C. Marvel 




632 25 


Ira Pollock 




843 25 


Archie Swan 


..do 




2,293 75 


P. K. Wilson 


..do .... 




1,477 11 












Total 


127 

181 
94 


300 

168 

214 

1 




$ 9, 873 38 


Douglas County— 
A. W. Bragg 


Tuscola 




13,298 75 


J. G. Bragg 






9,815 23 


Saniel Fetherofl 






15 00 


P. J. Gates 


Tuscola 


32 




1,448 10 










Total 


307 


383 




$24,577 08 









HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS- Continued. 



Name. 



DiiPage County- 
Barton Herd 

Natluiii IJomberger. 

M. Brackenberg 

C. R. Burgess 

C. E. Perry 

M. F. Fey 

A. Fibiger 

John Foos 

Otto Frahin 

H. E. Fraloy 

John darling 

W. B. Kinsella 

F. E. Krage 

Robert Liebrandt.. 

Louis Buebke 

C. O. llcChesney.. . 

Fred McCoy 

Peter ModalT 

Hans Mocller 

F. Mueller 

M. A. Myers 

Ernest Overcash 

R. S. Pahlman 

W. H. Porter 

W. B. Rubright 

Albert Stnibler 

W. B. Swiney 

Edward Wolsfeld... 



Total. 



Edgar County- 
Dan Arthur 

Caleb Stanfield . . 
Foster Stanfield. 



Total. 



Ford County— 
Wm. Kneale. 



Fulton County- 
Fred Barnfield 

Kenneth Bobbett 

Mrs. Fannie Butler. .. 

W. H. Chenoweth 

A. Dikeman 

N. Foster 

August Johnson 

Ida & Frank Johnson. 

Chas. Mings 

J. C. Pierce 



Total. 



Greene County — 
J. G. Barnett... 



Grundy County — 
Coveny Bros Kinsman . 



Roy Enger. 

Isham Bros 

Gustave E. Johnson. 

Ole Johnson 

A. D. Landphere 

A. D. Landphere. . . . 

P. G. Larson 

L. Lauritsen 

Martin Bros 

Harry Peacock 

John Rosendahl 

C. W. Wildey 

M. H. Wilcox 



Total. 



Hancock County — 
F. W. Barnhart. 
John Gahlo 



Postoffice. 



Hinsdale 

Naperville 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Bensenville . . . 
Naperville 

do 

do 

Elmhurst 

Naperville 

West Chicago. 
Naperville 

do 

do 

do 

Hinsdale 

Naperville 

do 

Wheaton 

Naperville 

do 

Elmhurst 

Naperville 



Paris, 
do., 
do.. 



Kempton . 



Avon 

Avon 

..do 

Table Grove. 
Farmington. 
Yates City... 
Table Grove. 

Avon 

..do 

..do 



White Hall. 



Morris . 
Maxon . 
Morris. 
Morris . 
Mazon. 
..do... 
Morris. 
..do... 
Mazon. 
Morris. 
..do... 
..do... 
..do... 



Carthage. 
Ferris 



Cattle. 



864 

1 
"31 



496 

7 
1 



Hogs. 



33 



33 



37 



107 
42 



Sheep. 



7 
216 
82 
30 
295 
139 
54 



101 
4 
2 

48 



241 
1 



Appraised 
value. 



$48, 450 00 
805 30 
1,808 00 
1,387 57 
1,123 00 
1,515 92 
2,944 45 
3, 129 20 
4, 626 2.5 
2, 008 72 
2, 144 33 
744 60 

2.813 25 
2,012 17 
1, 723 75 
5,6.50 75 
2, 036 64 
2,029 75 

1.814 86 
1,639 76 

165 00 
2, 786 40 
1,586 40 
794 94 
675 55 
1,491 40 
1, 162 37 
3,803 75 



$102,874 08 



80 00 

750 00 

1,269 75 



$2,099 75 



4.288 23 



1, 269 00 

912 00 

65 00 

2,548 00 

2,151 25" 

2.328 00 

647 00 

5,391 00 

6.224 90 

703 00 



$22,239 15 



2. 555 00 



2,503 33 

375 00 

16, 350 70 

767 60 

263 40 

4, 694 91 

870 00 
322 50 
430 00 
593 50 
855 00 

871 66 
606 20 

16,330 14 



$45, 833 94 

345 75 
45 00 



54 



HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS-Continued. 



Name. 


Postoflace. 


Cattle. 


Hogs. 


Sheep. 


Appraised 
value. 


Hancock County— Concluded. 
E. C. Hancock 


Ferris 


1 

37 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5 

1 

2 

6 

19 

11 

1 

9 

7 

3 

19 

7 






$ 51 00 
3 974 90 


P. W. Ingstrom 


LaHarpe 


164 
2 




Rosetta Jacks 


Ferris 




104 00 


Rosetta Jacks 


..do 




54 00 


D. F. McCollom 


..do 






45 00 


Harvard Pettit 


Carthage 






30 00 


John W. Schenck 


Ferris 


2 




302 05 


Amos Seaver 


McCall 




25 00 


Sarah E. Stidum 


Carthage 






75 00 


J. F.Stidum 


Pilot Grove 

..do 


25 




345 00 


J. D. Stidum 




1 282 00 


W.S. Stidum 








460 00 


Mrs. W. S. Stidum 


..do.. 






45 00 


Fred Whetrick 


Ferris 






414 87 


John D. Whitcomb 


..do 


10 

98 
71 


2 


457 00 


G. F. Wilson 


..do 


966 00 


A. W. Youngmeyer 


..do 




1 604 30 


■ Edward Youngmeyer 


..do 




445 00 












Total 


140 

61 

10 
4 
21 
44 
9 

f 


373 

75 

84 
66 
22 
86 
8 
13 


2 


$11,070 87 
7,984 00 
1 310 50 


Henderson County— 
H.N.Vaughn 


Stronghurst 

Osco 


Henry County- 
Jesse Anderson 




Hugh Armstrong 


Atkinson 




1 053 37 


John Bode 






1 704 25 


S. Brownlee 


Woodhull 


1 


2,963 75 
583 00 


Harry Erdman 




John C. Glowe 


..do 




588 75 


James Goodrich 


..do 




40 00 


Carl Gustafson 


Cambridge 


1 

57 
5 
24 
33 
29 
20 
1 
12 
60 
23 
7 
46 
11 
15 
73 
33 
74 
94 
34 




20 00 


Henry Lewis 


Genesee 


10 
4 
2 

43 
4 
4 
2 
9 

21 

36 
1 

14 




832 50 


Park McHenry 


..do 


31 


494 75 


Ray Mandel 


..do 


320 50 


A. E. Miller 


..do 




3 550 50 


A.J.Nelson 


Cambridge . 




'.568 75 


C. W. Nelson 


..do 




415 00 


J. E. Ogden 


Genesee 




165 00 


C. A. Olson 


..do 




826 25 


Grant Olson 


..do 




1 943 00 


W. L. Painter 


..do 




2 002 75 


S. S. Rapp 


..do 




178 75 


Robertson Bros 


Cambridge . 




1 110 75 


Louis Schmoll 


..do 




74 00 


Mar. Sedgely 




5 
5 
28 
13 
22 
9 




545 00 


Thomas Tor rence 


..do 


25 


1,042 62 


Melvin Van Hyfte 




1 384 50 


Gust Van Vooren 






l'222 50 


W. H. Wilson 




41 


2,063 75 


G. W. Wolf 


..do 


874 00 










Total 


330 

1 

34 

2 


931 

2 
15 
11 


98 


$27 878 49 


Iroquois Coimty— 
Frank Frame 


Milford 


95 25 


W. W. Loveless 


Miltord 




1 710 27 


Stanley E. Reeves 


..do 




277 00 










Total 


37 

41 

33 
35 
43 
29 
16 
27 
43 
48 
45 
56 
59 
28 


28 

6 

8 

31 

9 

120 

45 




$2,082 52 
2 322 00 


JoDaviess County- 
Perry McTeek 


Stockton 




Kane Coimty— 
E.H.Allen 






2,435 00 


P. C. Anderson 


Virgil 




2,885 25 


Geo. Bartelt 






3, 167 50 


Ray Bastian 


Sugar Grove 

Big Rock 


39 


3,606 48 


C. M. Bower 


1 726 14 


Frank Buelter . . ., 






1,544 00 


Gust F. Carlson 








3, 102 50 


Chapman Farm 


3ugar Grove 

Elburn 


2 
20 
22 
108 
53 




3, 147 45 


Sulvester Cloney 




2,975 00 
3, 332 45 
7, 427 23 
2, 630 00 


W.J. Close..... 






George Dauberman 


tfaplePark 


9 


Mrs. Emily Hartman 









55 



HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS-Continiied. 



Naiqe. 


Postoflice. 


Cattle. 


Hogs. 


Sheep. 


Appraised 
value. 


Kane County— CoTicluded. 


Wasco 


1 
34 
15 






S 60 00 

3 177 .50 




Sugar Grove 

Big Rock 


81 
16 
2 


27 




823 00 


Rav Kahl 


Big Rock 




19 50 




Elgin 


2,-> 
18 
50 
31 
43 
32 
31 
55 
25 
39 
57 




1 633 10 




Sugar Grove 

..do 


17 

17 

244 




1, 186 25 


R. 11. Miizholl 


8 


4 845 05 




Big Rock 


4 832 08 




Gilberts 




3 430 00 




Sugar Grove 

St. Charles 


12 




2 282 50 






1 031 00 


Frank Sharp 


Elburn 


49 
10 
199 
53 




3 967 33 




Sugar Grove 

..do 


33 


2 239 12 


D.A.Thomas 


4 685 18 


G. n. Wisbrock 


Batavia 




4 068 62 








Total 


918 

26 

58 


1,118 

48 
82 


110 


$76,859 23 
1 .SS2 34 


Kankakee County- 
Ray Greenawalt 


Momence 


..do 




2,777 22 










Total 


84 

25 
8 
2 
49 
34 
36 
41 
44 
65 
26 
55 
14 
39 
80 
22 


130 




$4 359 56 


Kendall County— 


Oswego 




1,613 93 


G. M. Bower 


..do 


10 




551 25 


G. G. Collins 


..do 




170 00 


Tom Collins . . . 


..do 


21 
31 
150 
29 
90 
32 
70 




3 248 95 


C.C.Davis 


Yorkville 




1 799 42 




Piano 




3,803 61 




Bristol 




2, 147 20 




Piano 




3 255 77 


Harvey Bros 

0. Hem& Son 






4,877 50 


..do 




2,676 69 


G. H. Hetterich & Son 


..do 




4,696 59 


Harry E. Lak in 


Piano 


36 


19 


1,619 51 






2, 761 55 




Piano 


47 
54 




5,969 75 


Pislica & Simons 


Oswego 




2,368 80 








Total 


540 

10 
8 
10 


570 

12 
91 
37 
150 


19 


$41,560 52 
1, 170 00 


Knox County — 
Carey & Broadfleld 


Yates City 


D. Corey & Son 


..do 




1, 622 .50 




do 




1, 156 12 


Arthur Goddard 






1,125 00 




Yates City 


37 
49 
19 
9 
3 
3 




2,705 00 




..do 


43 

158 

16 

8 

65 




2, 5.50 50 


R. V. Ragsdale 


.do 




2,048 12 


J.A.Sherman 


..do 




561 00 




..do .• 




286 00 


Edith A. Ware 


do 




802 00 










Total 


148 

1 
3 

21 
1 

32 


580 




$14, 026 24 


Lake County— 
C. M. Brown 


Gurnee 

..do 




45 00 


C. H. Harr 






135 00 










1,205 00 


B. Nabor 


.do 






60 00 


McCullough Bros 








2,283 13 










Total 


58 

14 

6 

22 

87 






$3, 728 13 


LaSalle County— 
T. J. Gheer 




25 
47 
31 
59 




1, 238 00 


Hyland & Everett 






1,96.5 00 


D. E. Miller 






1,789 6fi 








5, 247 32 










Total 


129 

34 
1 

25 


162 
72 




$10,239 98 


Lee County— 






3, 390 30 


J L Coss 


do 




85 00 


C. C. Faber 


.do 


42 




2,331 05 











56 



HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS-Continued. 



Name. 


Postoffice. 


Cattle. 


Hogs. 


Sheep. 


Appraised 
value. 


Lee County — Conclvded. 
Anson Rosenkrans 


Paw Paw 


43 
16 
63 
81 






$2,243 00 
2 190 50 


Fred W. Smith 


..do 


157 
83 

7 




A. H. Yenerich 


..do 


7 


4 987 11 


Paul McKemia 


Dixon 


4 177 70 










Total 


263 

35 
94 
49 
40 
8 
5 


361 

39 
85 
68 
13 
13 
4 


7 


$19,314 66 
2 122 92 


Livingston County— 
A. Bruer 


Pontiac 


Walter Gillman 


..do 




5 759 75 


Ed. Hagerty 


Dwight 




5 560 58 


J. E. Pearson 


Chatsworth 

Pontiac 




1 860 00 


R. Pifager 




598 26 


S.B.Ward 


Chatsworth 




307 00 








Total 


231 

24 
166 

4 


222 

58 
73 
24 




$15,608 51 
2 275 03 


Logan County- 
Isaac Gupton 


Middletown 

Beason 




Geo Johnston 




9 744 87 


Ernest Matthews 


..do 


6 


567 10 








Total 


194 

32 
72 
3 
12 

28 
36 
30 
65 


155 

182 
121 
42 
31 
24 
43 
87 
109 


6 


$12,587 00 
3 448 85 


McDonough County— 
Geo. Alexander 


Blandinsville 

..do 


H. L. Argenbright 




6 676 80 


C.H. Fox 


Good Hope 

Sciota 

..do 




460 50 


Thalus Huston 




715 00 


L. B. Keys 




1 402 00 


J. McGrue 


Walnut Grove 

Blandinsville 

..do 




2 525 03 


Andy Oelson 




2 795 00 


J. E. Stickle..... 




5 562 80 










Total 


278 

49 
6 
27 
49 
49 


639 
12 




$23, 585 98 
4 560 00 


McHenry County- 
Charles Albright 






Lester Haynes 


Woodstock 

Union 




120 00 


Walter Hopt :. . 






1 395 00 


James Lowe 




11 

22 
44 
55 




4,400 10 


Fred C. Meyer 


..do 




3 939 70 


Sheldon & Converse 


Union 




386 80 


Sorenson & Stone 


Woodstock 

Union 


42 
25 




3, 400 39 


Frank Trebes 




1,575 00 












Total 


247 

22 
33 
67 
53 
25 

5 
91 
65 

4 
87 

4 
43 


144 

84 
47 
136 
88 
82 
67 




$19 825 60 


McLean County — 
Anderson & Kraft 








C. F. Arnold 


..do 






J. W.Cole 


Holder 


19 




Donohue Bros 




5,992 03 


Steve Drew 


Holder 






Ray Eastwood 






1,591 80 


Price H. Jones 


..do 






Jacob Mohr 




108 
53 
80 
29 
70 




7,024 68 


Silas Schad 


..do. 


21 
245 




V. W. Stover 




8,861 28 


Clarence Strimple 


Bloomington 

Lexington . 




Alexander J. Woodward 




3, 352 97 










Total 


499 

25 
88 


844 

31 
136 


285 


$26, 822 76 
2,644 66 


Macon County— 
W. S.Smith 


Mt. Zion 


E.S.Ulery 


..do 




9, 846 83 










Total 


113 

51 

18 


167 




$12,491 49 


Marshall County- 
Jay Fairbanks 


Lacon 

Sparland 




2, 880 00 


W. S. Osborne 


34 




1,411 00 








Total 


69 

8 
4 


34 

7 
23 




$4, 291 00 
428 00 


Menard Coimty — 
A. E. Banay 






E. S. Beard 


..do . 




473 00 











57 



HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS-Continued. 



Name. 


Postofflce. 


Cattle. 


Hogs. 


Sheep. 


Appraised 
value. 


Menard County— Concluded. 
J. 0. Bell 


Tallula 


2 
32 
52 
23 

4 

3 

40 

28 

, 5 

2 
12 

2 


15 
29 
167 
52 
12 




< 476 25 


John P. Blane 






3,344 65 


II. E. Boeker 


Talulla 




7,287 79 


Harry Brown . 


..do 




1,8.54 57 








196 25 




Greenview 

..do 




85 00 


E. E. Claypool 


4 

264 

51 

46 




2, 135 00 


C. P. Corzen 


Tallula 




4,532 .50 




..do 




860 49 


Harrv B. Denton 


Greenview 




464 00 


Dick W. Evers 


..do 




672 00 


D. L. Fitzgerald 


Sweetwater 

Greenview 






130 CO 


Jasper Freeman 


3 




21 00 






1 




65 00 






10 

57 
190 
2 
20 
156 
114 
72 
77 
18 
28 




200 00 


A. C. McAtee 


..do 


4 
172 




813 25 


11. J. Marbold 


..do 


30 


15,560 10 


J. Marion . . . 


Talulla 


45 00 


Dick Peters 


Athens 


5 
74 
21 
5 

82 
2 
8 
6 




498 75 


S. 0. Savage 


Tallula 


1 


7,288 02 


Schone Bros 


..do 


2,111 00 


John J. Simmering 






912 50 


Q. N. Spear . . 


Tallula 




7,356 75 


Geo. Stahl 


..do 




321 87 


Clarence Stire 






926 17 








295 00 


Elijah Swinev 


..do 




99 


695 20 


John Terhime 


Sweetwater 

Petersburg . 


26 

11 

24 

1 

2 




1,355 00 


Lucian Terhune 


21 
101 
4 
14 
19 




919 50 


Karl J. Tice 


Greenview 




2, 108 62 


Samuel Trenarry 


Tallula 




150 00 


Frank Wilhelm 






835 00 


Richard Woodrum 


Tallula 




418 37 










Total 


668 

2 

84 

32 

87 

90 

74 

20 

13 

15 

3 

2 

10 

61 

24 

29 

9 

3 

18 

13 

1 


1,.576 


130 


$65,835 60 


Merc«r County- 
Ed Anderson ^ 


Viola 


130 00 




..do 


60 
133 
118 
284 
230 

91 




3,165 00 


Frank Baxter 






3,916 00 


Cameron & Co 






4,697 50 


Lewis D. Canum . 


Aledo . 




10, 154 53 


C. C. Carlson 


..do 




5,052 00 


Mrs. Kate Clark & Frank Clark 


..do 




1,715 00 


Mrs. Kate & Frank Clark. . 


..do 




632 50 


Will Fell 


..do 


94 
43 
32 
53 




1. 178 00 


J. M. Fisher 


..do 




503 50 


John 0. Goddard . . 


..do 




371 00 




..do 




804 50 


W. B. Main 


..do 




2,530 00 


Alex Mavhew 


..do 


75 

31 

15 

100 

14 

3 

5 




2, 146 18 


Miller &'Willits. 


..do 




2,561 00 




..do 




523 50 


H. Perrin. 


..do 




686 50 


E. C. Robbins 






1,450 00 


John Schroll 






590 00 


Edward Smith 


do 




100 00 










Total 


590 

5 

17 

2 

1 

61 


1,381 

6 
8 




$42,906 71 


Morgan Coimty— 
I. E. Liter 


Jacksonville 

..do 




385 50 


B.C.Madison 




1, 208 00 




do 




120 00 


M. Schneider 


.do 


2 
30 




100 00 


J. M. Starr 


..do 




5,264 00 










Total 


86 

6 
16 
25 
19 
126 


46 

17 
14 
54 
3 
12 




$7,077 50 


Moultrie County— 
J. B. Davis 


Bruce 

Bruce 

do 




547 13 


J N Marble 




1,089 SO 




10 




W. P. Stricklan 




1,280 50 


J B Tabor 


Allenville 




10,241 65 










Total 


192 


100 


10 1 $13, 159 08 






1 



58' 



HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS— Continued, 



Name. 


Postoffice. 


Cattle. 


Hogs. 


Sheep. 


Appraised 
value. 


Ogle County— 
F. Althouse 


Mt. Morris 


54 
65 
47 
20 
22 
25 
25 
21 
12 
48 
20 


100 
106 
38 
8 
29 
47 
6 
32 
91 
56 




$4, 021 00 
4 252 75 


C. C. Bamett 


Polo 




James Baxter 


Creston 




3 094 38 


Herman Bearman 


Mt. Morris 




1 125 00 


Henry Fravert 


..do 




1,690 37 


Yost Frey 


..do 




1 792 50 


W. J. Hereby 


Stillman Valley 

Mt. Morris 




1 527 60 


George Horst 




1 433 06 


Louisa Horts 


..do 




1 685 00 


Clias. Houpt 


Polo 




4,010 00 


Fred Zundalil 






1 089 08 












Total 


359 
952 

76 
4 

44 
3 
5 


513 




$25 720 74 


Peoria County- 
Morris & Co 


Peoria 




76 064 80 


Piatt County— 
J. W. Bateman 




137 
70 
89 




6,639 20 


C. 0. Gillespie 


Harris 




632 25 


George Howe 


Mansfield 




3,702 23 


R. E. Howe 


-.do 




127 80 


S. F. Howe 


..do 


35 
30 




630 12 


Will V. Roth 


..do 




367 15 


John Slavin ... 


Bement 


36 




2,213 75 


H. L. & A. P. Swartz 


Mansfield . . . ' . 


25 




425 87 












Total .' 


168 

64 
19 
3 
33 


386 

6 
6 




$14, 738 37 

2,919 00 
973 00 


Putnam County— 
H. W. Downey 






Sa. Longman 


..do 




Mrs. Reed & Son 


..do 




170 00 


A. L. Stickel 


-.do 






1,894 70 












Total 


119 

14 

88 

14 

100 

7 


12z 




$ 5,956 70 
797 50 


Rock Island County— 
Wm. McMahon 


Reynolds 




Sangamon County- 
Ben W. BrowTi 


New Berlin 

Pleasant Plains 

..do 


13 
32 

467 
22 




3,325 84 


E. S. James 




1,624 97 


R. B. Correll 




12,432 01 


Percy Wilcox 


New Berlin 




518 90 








Total 


209 

44 

3 

17 

27 


634 

40 
19 
32 

2 




$17,901 72 


Stephenson County- 
Hiram Blair 


Pearl City 


8 


2,453 60 


Mrs. Frank Blue 


..do . . 


268 50 


Simon Brinkmeier 


..do 




1, 188 00 


Wm. A. Ethridge . . . 


..do 




1, 178 00 










Total 


91 

66 
62 
10 
31 


93 
13 


8 


$5,088 10 
4, 104 82 


Vermilion Wounty— 
H. L. Baum 


Sidell 


George Buchanan 


Georgetown 

..do 




2, 170 00 


Larence Gustafson 


19 
39 




707 00 


Grant Jones 


Sidell 




2,154 75 










Total 


169 

15 

27 

4 

15 

45 

58 

26 

5 

8 

19 

20 

8 

7 


71 

17 
3 
157 
100 
70 
26 
18 
181 




$9, 136 57 


Warren County— 
H. M. Armstrong 


Little York 




1, 100 00 




1, 240 00 
1,399 50 


J. R. Bloomer . . . 


Roseville 

Monmouth 








1,072 50 


A. J. Brent 




2,985 00 


T. H. Brent 


..do 




5,853 00 


T. H. Brent 


..do 




2, 652 00 




Little York 

Monmouth 

Little York 

Monmouth 




1,772 00 


F. Butler 




425 00 


Wm. Dugan 


84 
50 

57 




1,429 50 


W. E. Elliott 




2,724 00 


Samuel Francis 




831 00 


D. C. Frantz 


Monmouth 




337 50 











59 



HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS— Continued. 



Name. 



WaSren County— Concluded. 

W. H. Gillen 

Gordon & Watson 

F. R. Houlton , 

A. M. Irving 

Irwin Bros 

A. M. Kane 

W. R. Karns 

Geo. O. Kelley 

Leo. F. Krause 

Langridge & Watson 

T. A. Moore 

T. F. Morris 

Nicoll Bros 

A. S. O'Neal 

P. H. Parson 

G. G. Porter & Son 

Thos. Ray 

F. W. Reem 

A. D. Rolston 

C. E. Ross 

Roy Ross 

W. O. Shore 

E. P. Smith 

Ora Smith 

S. J. Smith 

P.J. Stem 

G. W. Tinkham 

E. O. Tipton 

Mrs. J. Towney 

H. C. Willard 

C. E. Williamson 

W.H.Wood 



Total. 



Whiteside County — 
Swan Anderson. . . 
Clarence Ardapple. 

W. Bates 

Richard Bell 

Richard Bell 

Eppa Boerma 

Fred Beswick 

J. J. Bristle 

J. F. Coonev 

Mrs. John Cooney. , 
Hiram Damhoff . . . 

John Dawson 

A. J. Ent whistle... 
J. J. Entwhistle.. . 
J. J. Entwhistle... 

J. H. Gaffey 

Fred Gertin 

J. P. Glassbum 

J. G. Green 

Henry Haberer 

Ben L. Hammer. . . 

Roy Hammer 

R. M. Hillier 

Walter Hofl 

C. C. Huiyenga 

Geo. Humphrey... 
Geo. J. Ingerson... 
Christ M. Jansen. . . 

Ed. Knalsen 

R. C. Knox 

F. M. LaDue 

Arian Landheer... 
W. G. Lawrence. . . 

James Leahy 

Arlie Love." 

P. J. McCabe 

J. Y. McCall 

A. C. Olson 

Patterson Bros 

Potter & Knox 

H. H. Russell 

Mr. Russell 



Postoflice. 



..do 

Kirkwood . . . 

..do 

Monmouth . . 
Youngstown. 
Swancreek... 

Roseville 

Monmouth.. 

..do 

Kirkwood . . . 

..do 

Little York.. 

..do 

Roseville 

Monmouth. . . 
Little York . . 

Berwick 

Alexis 

Monmouth. . . 

Roseville 

..do 

Swancreek. .. 
Smithshire. . . 
Kirkwood. . . 
Little York.. 

Roseville 

Kirkwood . . . 
Monmouth . . 

Roseville 

Kirkwood . . . 
Monmouth . . , 
Smithshire... 



Tampico 

Morrison 

Fulton 

..do 

Fulton 

..do 

Morrison 

Union Grove. . 
Sterling 

do 

Fulton 

Deer Grove . . . 
Morrison 

do 

do 

Rock Falls 

Sterling 

Tampico 

Morrison 

do 

do 

do 

Tampico 

Albany 

Fenton 

Morrison 

Fulton 

Morrison 

do 

Union Grove. . 
Prophetstown. 

Sterling 

Fulton 

Tampico 

do 

Sterling 

Morrison 

do 

Union Grove. . 

Morrison 

Tampico 



Cattle. 



615 



3 

71 
13 
43 
73 
88 
39 
28 
103 
32 
18 
29 
21 
37 
17 
22 
22 
29 
23 
6 
22 
50 
46 
16 
31 
31 
32 
22 
31 
11 
12 
5 
48 
29 
45 
45 



Hogs. 



117 
90 
73 



Sheep. 



64 
83 
117 



63 



72 

174 

3 

51 

138 

58 

41 

5 

33 

52 

19 

45 

31 

125 

260 

121 



56 
29 
66 
115 



2,864 



145 
71 



100 

1 

50 

71 



22 



18 
170 
34 
73 



7 

187 

73 

10 

6 
81 

8 
95 
59 
99 
15 



77 
63 
152 



Appraised 
value. 



SI, 418 50 
718 87 
693 00 

4, 252 00 

1,115 00 

2,905 00 
949 00 

2, .552 00 
340 00 
409 50 
90 00 
489 00 

1, 572 00 

70 00 

820 50 

3,326 .50 

328 00 

451 00 

80 00 

350 50 

1,177 50 
544 60 
426 00 
459 00 

4,677 50 

3, 127 00 
915 00 
50 00 
669 00 
425 00 
703 50 

1,360 50 



$61, 285 87 

2,610 20 
1,307 80 
1,616 50 

809 60 
14 00 

2.53 00 
3, 630 50 

716 40 

3.558 80 
3, 185 00 
7, 660 00 
2,620 10 
1,279 00 

11,0,59 55 
1, 189 50 
1,205 50 
2,4.59 20 
1,001 00 
2,237 00 
854 00 
1,544 40 
2,693 20 
1,772 29 
2,923 19 
307 50 
1,216 50 
7,843 75 
2, 726 00 
1,017 32 
1,929 50 
4,094 50 
1,420 40 
1, 839 35 
1,958 80 

1. 559 50 
756 60 
375 00 

3, 292 50 
2,261 20 
4, 592 60 
2,989 23 



60 



HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS— Concluded. 



Name. 


Postoffice. 


Cattle. 


Hogs. 


Sheep. 


Appraised 
value. 


Whiteside County— Concluded. 
Anson Rheim 


Mt. Pleasant 


19 
20 
29 
59 
15 
33 
49 
16 
7 

13 
18 
31 
26 
83 


29 
92 




$1,006 50 
1 794 50 






C. F. Senior 


Albany 




1 317 40 




..do 






2 148 57 




..do 






717 50 




Fulton 


62 
76 

28 




2,730 64 
3, 763 00 
1 142 58 


A. F. Stalcup 






D. W. Steiner 


Union Grove 

Fulton 








360 00 


D.A.Wilson 


Erie 






587 50 


F. E. Wilson 


Sterling 


53 
46 
68 
52 


12 


1 349 90 


Lloyd J. Wilson 


Fenton . . 


3,055 60 
2 165 10 


Paul Wilson 


Morrison 






..do 




5,953 50 










Total 


1,700 
4 


2,544 

1 

32 


12 


$126, 532 27 
220 75 


Will Coimty— 


Plainlield 




..do 




165 57 




..do 


53 

1 
68 
42 
53 
15 
14 

6 
74 
27 
44 
49 
34 
29 
43 
74 

8 




3 186 77 










62 00 


John B. Clow 


Plainfleld 


74 
157 
43 
2 
24 
64 
78 
29 
61 
30 
67 
65 
14 
50 
35 




5 698 25 


Thomas Clow 


..do 




5,070 36 
2,745 00 




Wilmington 

. .do 




Harry Dowell 




861 00 




Plainfleld 


9 
3 


1,422 87 




..do 


1,049 20 


Homer B. Frommon 


..do 


10,492 55 




..do 




2,389 45 


John W. Patterson 


..do 


3 


3, 863 50 
4,525 16 
2,828 00 
3,106 50 


W. D. Patterson 


..do 




Plainfleld 




F. W. Stewart 


..do 






New Lenox 




4,644 00 


C. Warning 




5 768 37 




Plainfleld 




750 00 










Total 


638 

2 
39 
56 

5 


826 

2 
39 


15 


$58,849 80 


Woodford County— 
C. L. Jiu-y 




170 00 








2, 159 00 








3,325 80 


Mrs. Ella Toole 


Panola 


14 




491 00 








Total 


102 
16,671 


55 
24,984 




$ 6, 145 80 






876 


1,338,584 18 







61 



SUGGESTION BY MEMBER OF THE HOUSE FOLLOWING ALL 
THE ADDEESSES AND DISCUSSIONS. 

In view of the fact of the very hirge amount of information gathered 
here this afternoon, it occurs to me, in consultation with Governor 
Dunne and also Mr. Shanahan, who has charge for many years of our 
appropriations in the House, we should take some steps to have this 
information printed in pamphlet form for distribution among the farmers 
and live stock growers and dealers in the State, and to authorize any 
such expenditure. I believe the Secretary of State would be justified in 
having printed a verbatim report of this meeting this afternoon, say 
20,000 copies. I believe it is well worth the expenditure, and is well 
worth our taking the responsibility upon ourselves to say we will approve 
the action of the Secretary of State in making this expenditure, so we 
may distribute these copies throughout the State of Illinois. 

It is very proper that the necessary motion be made when we have 
completed the formal organization of this House. We cannot make the 
motion at this time. This is merely a suggestion, and tlie sooner they 
are printed the better. The sooner we get this information distributed 
throughout the State, the more rapidly will farmers and stock growers 
accept the situation. 

Mr. Stevenson : I will see that this is done at once. In accordance 
with this suggestion there will be published 20,000 copies at once. 

Anv other remarks? (Pause.) I believe, gentlemen, that this is 
the end of our program. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



002 824 644 4 



